Fan Ting, Peng Jiaman, Liang Huiting, Chen Wenzhi, Wang Junlin, Xu Renshi
Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital; The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College; The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College; Xiangya Hospital of Center South University, Jiangxi Hospital; National Regional Center for Neurological Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
Neural Regen Res. 2026 Mar 1;21(3):972-988. doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01054. Epub 2025 May 30.
With the gradual advancement of research methods and technologies, various biological processes have been identified as playing roles in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. However, current descriptions of these biological processes do not fully explain the onset, progression, and development of these conditions. Therefore, exploration of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases remains a valuable area of research. This review summarizes the potential common pathogeneses of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, frontotemporal lobar dementia, and Lewy body disease. Research findings have indicated that several common biological processes, including aging, genetic factors, progressive neuronal dysfunction, neuronal death and apoptosis, protein misfolding and aggregation, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, axonal transport defects, and gut microbiota dysbiosis, are involved in the pathogenesis of these six neurodegenerative diseases. Based on current information derived from diverse areas of research, these biological processes may form complex pathogenic networks that lead to distinctive types of neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, promoting the regeneration of damaged neurons may be achievable through the repair of affected neural cells if the underlying pathogenesis can be prevented or reversed. Hence, these potential common biological processes may represent only very small, limited elements within numerous intricate pathogenic networks associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In clinical treatment, interfering with any single biological process has proven insufficient to completely halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, future research on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases should focus on uncovering the complex pathogenic networks, rather than isolating individual biological processes. Based on this, therapies that aim to block or reverse various targets involved in the potential pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases may be promising directions, as current treatment methods that focus on halting a single pathogenic factor have not achieved satisfactory efficacy.
随着研究方法和技术的逐步进步，各种生物过程已被确定在神经退行性疾病的发病机制中发挥作用。然而，目前对这些生物过程的描述并不能完全解释这些疾病的发生、进展和发展。因此，探索神经退行性疾病的发病机制仍然是一个有价值的研究领域。本综述总结了阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、亨廷顿舞蹈病、额颞叶痴呆和路易体病潜在的共同发病机制。研究结果表明，包括衰老、遗传因素、进行性神经元功能障碍、神经元死亡和凋亡、蛋白质错误折叠和聚集、神经炎症、线粒体功能障碍、轴突运输缺陷和肠道微生物群失调在内的几个常见生物过程与这六种神经退行性疾病的发病机制有关。基于目前来自不同研究领域的信息，这些生物过程可能形成复杂的致病网络，导致神经退行性疾病中不同类型的神经元死亡。此外，如果潜在的发病机制能够被预防或逆转，通过修复受影响的神经细胞来促进受损神经元的再生可能是可行的。因此，这些潜在的常见生物过程可能只是与神经退行性疾病相关的众多复杂致病网络中非常微小、有限的元素。在临床治疗中，干扰任何单一的生物过程已被证明不足以完全阻止神经退行性疾病的进展。因此，未来对神经退行性疾病发病机制的研究应侧重于揭示复杂的致病网络，而不是孤立单个生物过程。基于此，旨在阻断或逆转神经退行性疾病潜在致病机制中涉及的各种靶点的治疗方法可能是有前景的方向，因为目前专注于阻止单一致病因素的治疗方法尚未取得令人满意的疗效。
