Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, 94531-55166, Iran.
Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, 94531-55166, Iran.
Small. 2021 Mar;17(12):e2006484. doi: 10.1002/smll.202006484. Epub 2021 Feb 12.
Nanotechnology has provided great opportunities for managing neoplastic conditions at various levels, from preventive and diagnostic to therapeutic fields. However, when it comes to clinical application, nanoparticles (NPs) have some limitations in terms of biological stability, poor targeting, and rapid clearance from the body. Therefore, biomimetic approaches, utilizing immune cell membranes, are proposed to solve these issues. For example, macrophage or neutrophil cell membrane coated NPs are developed with the ability to interact with tumor tissue to suppress cancer progression and metastasis. The functionality of these particles largely depends on the surface proteins of the immune cells and their preserved function during membrane extraction and coating process on the NPs. Proteins on the outer surface of immune cells can render a wide range of activities to the NPs, including prolonged blood circulation, remarkable competency in recognizing antigens for enhanced targeting, better cellular interactions, gradual drug release, and reduced toxicity in vivo. In this review, nano-based systems coated with immune cells-derived membranous layers, their detailed production process, and the applicability of these biomimetic systems in cancer treatment are discussed. In addition, future perspectives and challenges for their clinical translation are also presented.
纳米技术在预防、诊断和治疗等多个层面为处理肿瘤提供了巨大的机会。然而，在临床应用中，纳米颗粒（NPs）在生物稳定性、靶向性差和从体内快速清除等方面存在一些局限性。因此，人们提出了仿生方法，利用免疫细胞膜来解决这些问题。例如，用具有与肿瘤组织相互作用能力的巨噬细胞或中性粒细胞细胞膜包被 NPs，以抑制癌症的进展和转移。这些颗粒的功能在很大程度上取决于免疫细胞的表面蛋白及其在膜提取和 NPs 包被过程中保持的功能。免疫细胞外表面的蛋白可以赋予 NPs 广泛的活性，包括延长血液循环、显著增强识别抗原的能力以实现更好的靶向性、更好的细胞相互作用、逐渐释放药物以及减少体内毒性。在这篇综述中，讨论了用免疫细胞衍生的膜层包被的基于纳米的系统、其详细的生产过程，以及这些仿生系统在癌症治疗中的适用性。此外，还提出了它们临床转化的未来展望和挑战。
