Lopes Joana, Lopes Daniela, Motallebi Mahzad, Ye Mengguang, Xue Yuxiang, Vieira Amélia C F, Singh Sachin Kumar, Dua Kamal, Veiga Francisco, Sethi Gautam, Paiva-Santos Ana Cláudia, Makvandi Pooyan
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal.
LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal.
Bioeng Transl Med. 2025 Feb 26;10(4):e70006. doi: 10.1002/btm2.70006. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Gastrointestinal cancers, a major global cause of cancer-related mortality and disease burden, are a heterogeneous group of malignant aliments involving different organs of the digestive system. The late clinical diagnosis, genomic tumor heterogeneity, high complexity of the gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment, along with increasing treatment resistance have been recognized as the main contributing factors to the current inadequacy of the clinical interventions and poor prognosis of the gastrointestinal cancer patients. In the coming years, gastrointestinal cancer-related global mortality is unfortunately predicted to increase due to the absence of early detection and effective therapeutic options. Biomembrane-coated biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) have recently been appointed as advanced nanotechnological tools for the clinical management of gastrointestinal cancers. These comprise not only cell-mimicking nanodevices (the pioneers of this top-down coating technology), but also exosome and bacterial mimetics. Due to their enhanced bio-interfacing features, biocompatibility, immune evasion, and specific targetability to tumorous tissues, these biomimetic nanostructures have been successfully exploited to provide safer, effective, and targeted gastrointestinal cancer applications. This review highlights the latest research on biomembrane-coated nanosystems for the clinical therapy and diagnosis of the most common and deadliest subtypes of gastrointestinal cancers, namely colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. The current challenges toward their clinical translation are also mentioned.
胃肠道癌症是全球癌症相关死亡率和疾病负担的主要原因，是一组异质性的恶性疾病，涉及消化系统的不同器官。临床诊断延迟、基因组肿瘤异质性、胃肠道肿瘤微环境的高度复杂性以及治疗耐药性的增加，已被认为是导致目前临床干预不足和胃肠道癌症患者预后不良的主要因素。在未来几年，由于缺乏早期检测和有效的治疗选择，预计全球胃肠道癌症相关死亡率将不幸上升。生物膜包被的仿生纳米颗粒（NPs）最近被指定为胃肠道癌症临床管理的先进纳米技术工具。这些不仅包括细胞模拟纳米器件（这种自上而下包被技术的先驱），还包括外泌体和细菌模拟物。由于其增强的生物界面特性、生物相容性、免疫逃逸以及对肿瘤组织的特异性靶向性，这些仿生纳米结构已成功用于提供更安全、有效和靶向性的胃肠道癌症应用。本综述重点介绍了生物膜包被纳米系统在胃肠道癌症最常见和最致命亚型（即结直肠癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌和胰腺癌）临床治疗和诊断方面的最新研究。还提到了它们临床转化面临的当前挑战。
