加纳五岁以下儿童腹泻和急性呼吸道感染相关因素：全国横断面调查分析。

Factors associated with diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection in children under-5 years old in Ghana: an analysis of a national cross-sectional survey.

机构信息

University of Nevada, Reno, School of Community of Health Sciences, Reno, USA.

Ghana Health Service, Nabdam District Health Directorate, Nangodi, Ghana.

出版信息

BMC Pediatr. 2021 Feb 13;21(1):78. doi: 10.1186/s12887-021-02546-x.

DOI:10.1186/s12887-021-02546-x

PMID:33581716

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7881472/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in children under-5 years old in Ghana. The aim of the study was to assess factors associated with diarrhoea and ARI in children under-5 years old.

METHODS

We analysed nationally representative data from the 2017-2018 Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) on 8879 children under-5 years old. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with diarrhoea and ARI. We applied sample weights, stratification and clustering to account for the sampling design of the MICS.

RESULTS

The prevalence of diarrhoea was 17.0% (95% CI: 15.70, 18.24%). Children aged 6-11 months [Adjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR): 2.06, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.92], and 12-23 months (aPOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.67, 3.35), had higher prevalence of diarrhoea compared to children aged 0-5 months. Children whose mothers had a college or higher education (aPOR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.78), and a secondary education (aPOR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.86), had 59% and 34% lower odds of diarrhoea respectively, compared to children whose mothers had no formal education. Children from the richest households (aPOR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.86), had 42% lower odds of diarrhoea compared to children from the poorest households. Children resident in rural areas had 22% lower odds of diarrhoea compared to their peers in urban areas (aPOR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.98). The prevalence of ARI was 33.3% (95% CI: 31.72, 34.82%). Children aged 6-11 months (aPOR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.93), and 12-23 months (aPOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.82), had higher prevalence of ARI compared to children aged 0-5 months.

CONCLUSIONS

This study suggests that the prevalence of diarrhoea and ARI among children aged 6-11 and 12-23 months was higher compared to children aged 0-5 months. Children under-5 years old whose mothers had a secondary or higher education had a lower prevalence of diarrhoea compared to children whose mothers had no formal education.

摘要

背景

腹泻和急性呼吸道感染（ARI）是加纳五岁以下儿童发病和死亡的主要原因。本研究旨在评估与五岁以下儿童腹泻和 ARI 相关的因素。

方法

我们分析了来自 2017-2018 年加纳多指标类集调查（MICS）的全国代表性数据，涉及 8879 名五岁以下儿童。多变量逻辑回归用于评估与腹泻和 ARI 相关的因素。我们应用了样本权重、分层和聚类来考虑 MICS 的抽样设计。

结果

腹泻的患病率为 17.0%（95%置信区间：15.70，18.24%）。6-11 个月（调整后的患病率优势比[aPOR]：2.06，95%置信区间：1.45，2.92）和 12-23 个月（aPOR：2.37，95%置信区间：1.67，3.35）的儿童与 0-5 个月的儿童相比，腹泻的患病率更高。母亲受过大学或更高教育（aPOR：0.41，95%置信区间：0.22，0.78）和中学教育（aPOR：0.66，95%置信区间：0.51，0.86）的儿童腹泻的可能性分别降低了 59%和 34%，而母亲没有接受过正规教育的儿童腹泻的可能性则没有变化。来自最富裕家庭（aPOR：0.58，95%置信区间：0.39，0.86）的儿童腹泻的可能性比来自最贫困家庭的儿童低 42%。农村地区的儿童与城市地区的儿童相比，腹泻的可能性低 22%（aPOR：0.78，95%置信区间：0.63，0.98）。ARI 的患病率为 33.3%（95%置信区间：31.72，34.82%）。6-11 个月（aPOR：1.43，95%置信区间：1.06，1.93）和 12-23 个月（aPOR：1.41，95%置信区间：1.10，1.82）的儿童与 0-5 个月的儿童相比，ARI 的患病率更高。