Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jun;28(23):30111-30120. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12426-7. Epub 2021 Feb 13.
The insects' infestation decreases the nutritive value of the stored grains and causes losses in its weight, quality, or economic values. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of a natural product of clove and lemongrass extracts in controlling of red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) in different feedstuffs and commercial poultry diets. Different concentrations of the tested product (5, 10, 20, 50, 100 mg) were mixed with 10 g of different feedstuffs and poultry diets, and incubated at different time points. The percent repellency (PR), toxicity effect, and antifeedant activity of the plant extracts compound were assessed. The PR was detected depending on the choice method. It was found that the PR was dose and time dependent. The highest doses (50 or 100 mg/10 g feed) achieved the highest repellency effect reaching 70% at 24 h post-application (PA). The minimal PR was reported by the lowest dose of 5 mg/10 g feed reaching 50% at 24 h PA. Moreover, the PR was found to decrease by time. The toxicity effect of this natural product on T. castaneum was cumulative, not acute, in which it was recorded after 1 month of application. Besides, this effect needs high doses of the product (at dose 500 or 1000 mg/50 g feed). The used product achieved a clear antifeedant activity against T. castaneum, as the feeding deterrent index (FDI %) for corn grains was 98.5% at 1.0 and 2.0% concentration, whereas for wheat grains there was a significant difference between both concentration (96.0 vs. 74.4%). In addition, the weight loss of control corn and wheat grains was higher than the treated ones, and it was about 3.15% and 2.0% per month for corn and wheat, respectively. In conclusion, the clove and lemongrass extracts had a repellency effect reaching to 70%. Moreover, it had a lethal effect on T. castaneum. In addition, it can reduce the weight loss of the infested feeds and consequently increasing its FDI %. Therefore, the clove and lemongrass extract blend can be used to protect the feedstuffs from the damage by this insect.
昆虫的侵害会降低储存谷物的营养价值，并导致其重量、质量或经济价值损失。本研究的目的是研究丁香和柠檬草提取物的天然产物在控制不同饲料和商业家禽饲料中的红面粉甲虫（Tribolium castaneum）的效率。用不同浓度的测试产品（5、10、20、50、100mg）与 10g 不同的饲料和家禽饲料混合，并在不同的时间点进行孵育。评估植物提取物混合物的拒食率（PR）、毒性作用和抗食活性。根据选择的方法检测拒食率（PR）。结果表明，PR 与剂量和时间有关。最高剂量（50 或 100mg/10g 饲料）在应用后 24 小时（PA）达到最高的拒食效果，达到 70%。最低剂量（5mg/10g 饲料）的最低 PR 为 50%，在 24 小时 PA 时报告。此外，PR 随着时间的推移而降低。该天然产物对 T. castaneum 的毒性作用是累积的，而不是急性的，在应用 1 个月后记录到。此外，这种效果需要产品的高剂量（在 500 或 1000mg/50g 饲料的剂量下）。所使用的产品对 T. castaneum 表现出明显的抗食活性，因为玉米颗粒的摄食抑制指数（FDI%）在 1.0 和 2.0%浓度下分别为 98.5%，而对于小麦颗粒，两种浓度之间存在显著差异（96.0 与 74.4%）。此外，对照玉米和小麦颗粒的失重高于处理颗粒，每月分别约为 3.15%和 2.0%。总之，丁香和柠檬草提取物具有 70%的驱避作用。此外，它对 T. castaneum 具有致死作用。此外，它可以减少受感染饲料的失重，从而提高其 FDI%。因此，丁香和柠檬草提取物混合物可用于保护饲料免受这种昆虫的损害。
