Harmon Kristen C, Wehr Nathaniel H, Price Melissa R
Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
PeerJ. 2021 Feb 1;9:e10399. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10399. eCollection 2021.
Nest survival is influenced by where and when birds decide to breed. For ground-nesting species, nest-site characteristics, such as vegetation height and proximity to water, may impact the likelihood of nest flooding or depredation. Further, habitat characteristics, and thus nest survival, may fluctuate across the breeding season. The Hawaiian Stilt ('Ae'o; ) is an endangered Hawaiian waterbird that nests in wetlands across the Hawaiian Islands. In this study, we used observational surveys and nest cameras to examine the impact of nest-site characteristics and day of nesting season on nest survival of the Hawaiian Stilt. Early nests had a higher chance of survival than late nests. For most of the nesting season, taller vegetation was correlated with increased nest survival, while shorter vegetation was correlated with increased nest survival late in the nesting season. Seasonal patterns in nest survival may be due to changes in parental behavior or predator activity. Nest depredation was responsible for 55% of confirmed nest failures and introduced mammals were the primary nest predators. Our study is the first to examine seasonality in nest survival of Hawaiian Stilts and suggests that, despite longer nesting seasons and year-round occupation of wetlands, late nesters in subtropical regions may have lower nest survival than early nesters, similar to trends observed in temperate regions.
鸟巢的存活率受鸟类决定繁殖的地点和时间的影响。对于地面筑巢的物种来说，鸟巢地点的特征，如植被高度和与水的距离，可能会影响鸟巢被洪水淹没或遭受捕食的可能性。此外，栖息地特征以及鸟巢的存活率可能在繁殖季节中发生波动。夏威夷黑颈长脚鹬（夏威夷语为‘Ae'o）是一种濒危的夏威夷水鸟，在夏威夷群岛的湿地筑巢。在本研究中，我们通过观察调查和鸟巢摄像头来研究鸟巢地点特征和筑巢季节日期对夏威夷黑颈长脚鹬鸟巢存活率的影响。早期筑的巢比晚期筑的巢有更高的存活几率。在筑巢季节的大部分时间里，较高的植被与鸟巢存活率的增加相关，而较短的植被与筑巢季节后期鸟巢存活率的增加相关。鸟巢存活率的季节性模式可能是由于亲代行为或捕食者活动的变化。在已确认的鸟巢失败案例中，55%是由鸟巢遭受捕食导致的，引入的哺乳动物是主要的鸟巢捕食者。我们的研究首次考察了夏威夷黑颈长脚鹬鸟巢存活率的季节性，并表明，尽管筑巢季节更长且全年都占据湿地，但亚热带地区晚期筑巢的鸟类可能比早期筑巢的鸟类有更低的鸟巢存活率，这与在温带地区观察到的趋势相似。
