Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
J Hist Med Allied Sci. 2021 Apr 8;76(2):191-216. doi: 10.1093/jhmas/jrab004.
From 1995 to 2014, intrauterine devices (IUDs) rose from ranking 10th (out of 11) among contraceptive methods to being the fourth most popular, outnumbered only by the pill, sterilization, and condoms. In 1995, the IUD had been largely abandoned by American doctors; two decades later, major medical associations promoted it as a "first line" method for prospective users of all ages. This paper explains the rapid and dramatic increase in intrauterine contraception by exploring three influential factors from the 1970s-1980s - the Dalkon Shield disaster, the lack of innovation in contraceptive research and development, and the moral panic over teen pregnancy in America - that created circumstances by the early 2000s in which health care providers became more receptive to long-acting reversible contraception. Key thought leaders in obstetrics and gynecology took it upon themselves to rehabilitate the IUD in the court of medical opinion and succeeded in securing professional approval of the device as the initial step in its resurrection.
从 1995 年到 2014 年，宫内节育器（IUD）从 11 种避孕方法中排名第 10 位上升到第 4 位，仅次于避孕药、绝育和避孕套。1995 年，宫内节育器已被美国医生基本抛弃；20 年后，主要医学协会将其作为所有年龄段预期使用者的“首选”方法进行推广。本文通过探讨 20 世纪 70 年代至 80 年代的三个有影响力的因素，即达科盾屏蔽灾难、避孕研发缺乏创新，以及美国青少年怀孕的道德恐慌，解释了宫内节育器的快速和显著增加，这些因素在 21 世纪初创造了这样的环境，使医疗保健提供者更容易接受长效可逆避孕措施。妇产科的主要思想领袖自行在医学观点的法庭上恢复宫内节育器的名誉，并成功获得专业认可，将其作为复兴的第一步。
