Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2021 Jul;74(7):1185-1201. doi: 10.1177/1747021821998557. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
Recognising individuals through their voice requires listeners to form an invariant representation of the speaker's identity, immune to episodic changes that may occur between encounters. We conducted two experiments to investigate to what extent within-speaker stimulus variability influences different behavioural indices of implicit and explicit identity recognition memory, using short sentences with semantically neutral content. In Experiment 1, we assessed how speaker recognition was affected by changes in prosody (fearful to neutral, and vice versa in a between-group design) and speech content. Results revealed that, regardless of encoding prosody, changes in prosody, independent of content, or changes in content, when prosody was kept unchanged, led to a reduced accuracy in explicit voice recognition. In contrast, both groups exhibited the same pattern of response times (RTs) for correctly recognised speakers: faster responses to fearful than neutral stimuli, and a facilitating effect for same-content stimuli only for neutral sentences. In Experiment 2, we investigated whether an invariant representation of a speaker's identity benefitted from exposure to different exemplars varying in emotional prosody (fearful and happy) and content ( condition), compared to repeated presentations of a single sentence ( We found a significant repetition priming effect (i.e., reduced RTs over repetitions of the same voice identity) only for speakers in the condition during encoding, but faster RTs when correctly recognising old speakers from the , compared to the , condition. Overall, our findings confirm that changes in emotional prosody and/or speech content can affect listeners' implicit and explicit recognition of newly familiarised speakers.
通过声音识别个体需要听众形成说话者身份的不变表示，不受可能在遇到之间发生的偶发变化的影响。我们进行了两项实验，以研究说话者内刺激变异性在多大程度上影响内隐和外显身份识别记忆的不同行为指标，使用具有语义中性内容的短句子。在实验 1 中，我们评估了语音韵律（恐惧变为中性，反之亦然，在组间设计中）和语音内容变化如何影响说话者识别。结果表明，无论编码韵律如何，韵律变化（与内容无关）或内容变化（当韵律保持不变时）都会导致外显语音识别准确性降低。相比之下，两组对正确识别的说话者表现出相同的反应时（RT）模式：对恐惧刺激的反应快于中性刺激，并且只有中性句子对相同内容的刺激才有促进作用。在实验 2 中，我们研究了与重复呈现单个句子相比，暴露于不同情感韵律（恐惧和快乐）和内容（条件）的说话者的不同示例是否会受益于说话者身份的不变表示。我们发现，只有在编码期间，条件下的说话者才会产生显著的重复启动效应（即，相同声音身份的重复呈现会降低 RT），但在正确识别来自 ，而不是 ，条件的旧说话者时，RT 会更快。总体而言，我们的发现证实，情感韵律和/或语音内容的变化会影响听众对新熟悉说话者的内隐和外显识别。
