University of British Columbia, Canada.
University of British Columbia, Canada.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021 Apr;126:105166. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105166. Epub 2021 Feb 10.
Individual differences in biological responses to stress increase risk for the onset and exacerbation of health and psychiatric conditions. Biases in cognitive disengagement are hypothesized to underlie these individual differences in biological responses to stress. However, no studies have examined which cognitive disengagement bias has the strongest relation with biological responses to stress, and no studies have examined this relation during early adolescence, despite evidence that this is a critical developmental window in which patterns of cognition and biological responses to stress influence trajectories of health throughout life. The current study is the first to test whether difficulty disengaging attention versus working memory from valenced stimuli is associated with biological responses to stress in early adolescence. Youth between 11 and 13 years of age completed two computer-based tasks to assess biases in attention and working memory disengagement to valenced stimuli, and then completed a standardized psychosocial stressor. Consistent with expectations, attention and working memory disengagement biases were associated with stress responses of both the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems, but bias valence and cognitive system influenced the directionality of results. These findings inform our understanding of cognitive mechanisms that influence biological stress reactivity.
个体对应激的生物学反应存在差异，这会增加健康和精神疾病的发病和恶化风险。研究假设，认知脱离的偏差是导致这些个体对应激的生物学反应存在差异的原因。然而，目前还没有研究探讨哪种认知脱离偏差与应激的生物学反应关系最密切，也没有研究在青少年早期探讨这一关系，尽管有证据表明，这是一个关键的发育窗口，在此期间，认知模式和应激的生物学反应会影响一生的健康轨迹。本研究首次测试了青少年早期，注意力和工作记忆从情绪刺激中脱离的难度是否与应激的生物学反应有关。11 至 13 岁的青少年完成了两项基于计算机的任务，以评估对情绪刺激的注意力和工作记忆脱离偏差，然后完成了一项标准化的心理社会应激源。与预期一致的是，注意力和工作记忆脱离偏差与神经内分泌和自主神经系统的应激反应都有关，但偏差的效价和认知系统影响了结果的方向性。这些发现为我们理解影响生物应激反应的认知机制提供了信息。
