School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India.
Department of Chemical Sciences, IIT, Indore, Simrol, Indore, M.P., India.
Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2021;21(7):575-600. doi: 10.2174/1568009621666210216102236.
Cancer patients are more susceptible to COVID-19; however, the prevalence of COVID-19 in different types of cancer is still inconsistent and inconclusive. Here, we delineate the intricate relationship between breast cancer and COVID-19. Breast cancer and COVID-19 share the involvement of common comorbidities, hormonal signalling pathways, gender differences, rennin- angiotensin system (RAS), angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). We also shed light on the possible effects of therapeutic modalities of COVID-19 on breast cancer outcomes. Briefly, we conclude that breast cancer patients are more susceptible to COVID-19 in comparison with their normal counterparts. Women are more resistant to the occurrence and severity of COVID-19. Increased expressions of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are correlated with occurrence and severity of COVID-19, but higher expression of ACE2 and lower expression of TMPRSS2 are prognostic markers for overall disease free survival in breast cancer. The ACE2 inhibitors and ibuprofen therapies for COVID-19 treatment may aggravate the clinical condition of breast cancer patients through chemo-resistance and metastasis. Most of the available therapeutic modalities for COVID-19 were also found to exert positive effects on breast cancer outcomes. Besides drugs in clinical trend, TMPRSS2 inhibitors, estrogen supplementation, androgen deprivation and DPP-IV inhibitors may also be used to treat breast cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, drug-drug interactions suggest that some of the drugs used for the treatment of COVID-19 may modulate the drug metabolism of anticancer therapies which may lead to adverse drug reaction events.
癌症患者更容易感染 COVID-19；然而，不同类型癌症中 COVID-19 的患病率仍然不一致，尚无定论。在这里，我们阐述了乳腺癌和 COVID-19 之间复杂的关系。乳腺癌和 COVID-19 共同涉及常见的合并症、激素信号通路、性别差异、肾素-血管紧张素系统 (RAS)、血管紧张素转换酶-2 (ACE-2)、跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶 2 (TMPRSS2) 和二肽基肽酶-IV (DPP-IV)。我们还探讨了 COVID-19 治疗模式对乳腺癌结局的可能影响。简而言之，我们得出结论，与正常人群相比，乳腺癌患者更容易感染 COVID-19。女性对 COVID-19 的发生和严重程度更具抵抗力。ACE2 和 TMPRSS2 的表达增加与 COVID-19 的发生和严重程度相关，但 ACE2 表达增加和 TMPRSS2 表达降低是乳腺癌总无病生存的预后标志物。用于 COVID-19 治疗的 ACE2 抑制剂和布洛芬治疗可能通过化疗耐药和转移加重乳腺癌患者的临床状况。大多数用于 COVID-19 的治疗方法也被发现对乳腺癌结局有积极影响。除了临床趋势药物外，TMPRSS2 抑制剂、雌激素补充剂、雄激素剥夺和 DPP-IV 抑制剂也可用于治疗感染 SARS-CoV-2 的乳腺癌患者。然而，药物相互作用表明，一些用于治疗 COVID-19 的药物可能会调节抗癌治疗的药物代谢，从而导致不良药物反应事件。
