Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jun;28(24):31032-31042. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12862-5. Epub 2021 Feb 17.
Evaluate the effect of heavy metals (HM) on sentinel organisms such as vascular plants represent a model to estimate toxic hazard due to environmental pollution. In the present study, the plant Robinsonecio gerberifolius was used to evaluate the toxic effects of the HM contained in the leaves of plants that were exposed to 4 different sites in Mexico city and its metropolitan area, during the rainy and dry seasons in the period 2017-2019. The comet assay to evaluate genotoxicity revealed an increase with respect to control (p < 0.05), in 2nd and 8th week of exposure, in all 4 study sites and in both seasons, more significant in the rainy period. An increase in the induction of oxidative stress was also observed in the exposed leaves from the 4 study sites when compared with the control; in some cases, the increases were significant (p < 0.05). In general, α- and ß-carotenoids were increased at 8th week of exposure, in all plants exposed in both seasons, while miR398 increased in plants exposed in 2 study sites (p < 0.05). Finally, toxic HM like aluminum, vanadium, and cadmium, increased significantly in the rainy season, while lead increased in the dry season. We conclude that R. gerberifolius can be considered a sentinel plant for evaluating the presence and general toxic effects caused by the presence of toxic HM that have been documented in the atmosphere of Mexico City and its metropolitan area.
评估重金属 (HM) 对血管植物等哨兵生物的影响代表了一种模型，可以估计由于环境污染而产生的毒性危害。在本研究中，使用植物 Robinsonecio gerberifolius 来评估暴露于墨西哥城及其大都市区 4 个不同地点的叶片中所含重金属的 HM 的毒性影响，暴露时间为 2017-2019 年的雨季和旱季。彗星试验评估遗传毒性显示，与对照相比（p < 0.05），所有 4 个研究地点和两个季节的第 2 和第 8 周暴露均有增加，雨季更为显著。与对照相比，还观察到来自 4 个研究地点的暴露叶片中氧化应激的诱导增加；在某些情况下，增加是显著的（p < 0.05）。一般来说，α-和β-类胡萝卜素在所有暴露于两个季节的植物中在第 8 周暴露时增加，而 miR398 在暴露于 2 个研究地点的植物中增加（p < 0.05）。最后，有毒的 HM，如铝、钒和镉，在雨季显著增加，而铅在旱季增加。我们得出结论，R. gerberifolius 可以被认为是一种用于评估在墨西哥城及其大都市区大气中存在的有毒 HM 的存在及其引起的一般毒性影响的哨兵植物。
