Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain.
Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2021 Apr;65(8):e2001018. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202001018. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
Iron deficiency (ID) compromises the health of infants worldwide. Although readily treated with iron, concerns remain about the persistence of some effects. Metabolic and gut microbial consequences of infantile ID were investigated in juvenile monkeys after natural recovery (pID) from iron deficiency or post-treatment with iron dextran and B vitamins (pID+Fe).
Metabolomic profiling of urine and plasma is conducted with H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Gut microbiota are characterized from rectal swabs by amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Urinary metabolic profiles of pID monkeys significantly differed from pID+Fe and continuously iron-sufficient controls (IS) with higher maltose and lower amounts of microbial-derived metabolites. Persistent differences in energy metabolism are apparent from the plasma metabolic phenotypes with greater reliance on anaerobic glycolysis in pID monkeys. Microbial profiling indicated higher abundances of Methanobrevibacter, Lachnobacterium, and Ruminococcus in pID monkeys and any history of ID resulted in a lower Prevotella abundance compared to the IS controls.
Lingering metabolic and microbial effects are found after natural recovery from ID. These long-term biochemical derangements are not present in the pID+Fe animals emphasizing the importance of the early detection and treatment of early-life ID to ameliorate its chronic metabolic effects.
铁缺乏症（ID）影响全球婴儿的健康。尽管铁剂治疗效果显著，但仍存在一些问题。本研究旨在探讨幼年猴子在自然恢复（pID）后或接受铁右旋糖苷和 B 族维生素治疗（pID+Fe）后，铁缺乏症对代谢和肠道微生物的影响。
采用 1 H 核磁共振（NMR）光谱法对尿液和血浆进行代谢组学分析。通过扩增子测序 16S rRNA 基因对直肠拭子中的肠道微生物进行特征分析。与 pID+Fe 组和持续铁充足对照组（IS）相比，pID 组猴子的尿代谢谱明显不同，其麦芽糖醇含量较高，微生物衍生代谢物含量较低。pID 组猴子的血浆代谢表型表明，能量代谢存在持续差异，其对无氧糖酵解的依赖程度更高。微生物分析表明，pID 组猴子中甲烷杆菌属、lachnobacterium 和瘤胃球菌属的丰度较高，而任何 ID 史都会导致普雷沃氏菌属的丰度低于 IS 对照组。
ID 自然恢复后仍存在持续的代谢和微生物影响。这些长期的生化紊乱在 pID+Fe 动物中并不存在，这强调了早期检测和治疗生命早期 ID 的重要性，以减轻其慢性代谢影响。
