Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2021 Apr 1;130(4):1163-1170. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00982.2020. Epub 2021 Feb 18.
The manipulation of blood flow in conjunction with skeletal muscle contraction has greatly informed the physiological understanding of muscle fatigue, blood pressure reflexes, and metabolism in humans. Recent interest in using intentional blood flow restriction (BFR) has focused on elucidating how exercise during periods of reduced blood flow affects typical training adaptations. A large initial appeal for BFR training was driven by studies demonstrating rapid increases in muscle size, strength, and endurance capacity, even when notably low intensities and resistances, which would typically be incapable of stimulating change in healthy populations, were used. The incorporation of BFR exercise into the training of strength- and endurance-trained athletes has recently been shown to provide additive training effects that augment skeletal muscle and cardiovascular adaptations. Recent observations suggest BFR exercise alters acute physiological stressors such as local muscle oxygen availability and vascular shear stress, which may lead to adaptations that are not easily attained with conventional training. This review explores these concepts and summarizes both the evidence base and knowledge gaps regarding the application of BFR training for athletes.
结合骨骼肌收缩对血流的操纵极大地促进了人们对肌肉疲劳、血压反射和新陈代谢的生理学理解。最近，人们对使用有意的血流限制（BFR）的兴趣集中在阐明在血流减少期间运动如何影响典型的训练适应。BFR 训练的一个最初的吸引力是因为研究表明，即使使用通常无法刺激健康人群发生变化的显著低强度和阻力，肌肉的大小、力量和耐力能力也会迅速增加。最近的研究表明，将 BFR 运动纳入力量和耐力训练运动员的训练中，可以提供附加的训练效果，增强骨骼肌和心血管的适应能力。最近的观察结果表明，BFR 运动改变了局部肌肉氧可用性和血管切应力等急性生理应激源，这可能导致与传统训练不易获得的适应。本文综述了这些概念，并总结了关于 BFR 训练在运动员中应用的证据基础和知识空白。
