Simon Janet E, Lorence Mallory, Docherty Carrie L
School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, Ohio University, Athens.
School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington.
J Athl Train. 2021 Feb 18. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-0107.20.
The effect of athletic participation on lifelong health among elite athletes has received increasing attention, as sport-related injuries can have a substantial influence on long-term health.
To determine the current health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of former National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes compared with noncollegiate athletes 5 years after an initial assessment.
Cohort study.
Online survey.
From the former Division I athletes, 193 responses were received (response rate = 83.2%; 128 men, 65 women; age = 58.47 ± 6.17 years), and from the noncollegiate athletes, 169 surveys were returned (response rate = 75.1%; 80 men, 89 women; age = 58.44 ± 7.28 years).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The independent variables were time (baseline, 5 years later) and group (former Division I athlete, noncollegiate athlete). Participants completed 7 Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System scales: sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain interference, physical function, and satisfaction with participation in social roles.
Sleep disturbance, depression, fatigue, pain, and physical function were significant for a time × group interaction (P < .05), with the largest differences seen in pain and physical function between groups at time point 2 (22.19 and 13.99 points, respectively). Former Division I athletes had worse scores for depression, fatigue, pain, and physical function at follow-up (P < .05), with the largest differences seen on the depression, fatigue, and physical function scales (8.33, 6.23, and 6.61 points, respectively).
Because of the competitive nature of sport, the long-term risks of diminished HRQoL need to become a priority for health care providers and athletes during their athletic careers. Additionally, physical activity transition programs need to be explored to help senior student-athletes transition from highly structured and competitive collegiate athletics to lifestyle physical activity, as it appears that individuals in the noncollegiate athlete cohort engaged in more physical activity, weighed less, and had increased HRQoL.
随着与运动相关的损伤会对长期健康产生重大影响，精英运动员参与体育运动对其终身健康的影响受到了越来越多的关注。
比较初次评估5年后，前美国国家大学体育协会第一分区运动员与非大学运动员当前与健康相关的生活质量（HRQoL）。
队列研究。
在线调查。
在前第一分区运动员中，收到了193份回复（回复率 = 83.2%；男性128人，女性65人；年龄 = 58.47 ± 6.17岁），在非大学运动员中，收到了169份调查问卷（回复率 = 75.1%；男性80人，女性89人；年龄 = 58.44 ± 7.28岁）。
自变量为时间（基线、5年后）和组别（前第一分区运动员、非大学运动员）。参与者完成了7项患者报告结局测量信息系统量表：睡眠障碍、焦虑、抑郁、疲劳、疼痛干扰、身体功能以及对参与社会角色的满意度。
睡眠障碍、抑郁、疲劳、疼痛和身体功能在时间×组别交互作用方面具有显著性（P < .05），在时间点2时，两组之间疼痛和身体功能的差异最大（分别为22.19分和13.99分）。前第一分区运动员在随访时抑郁、疲劳、疼痛和身体功能的得分更差（P < .05），在抑郁、疲劳和身体功能量表上的差异最大（分别为8.33分、6.23分和6.61分）。
由于体育运动的竞争性，健康相关生活质量下降的长期风险需要成为医疗保健提供者和运动员在其运动生涯中的优先事项。此外，需要探索身体活动过渡项目，以帮助高年级学生运动员从高度结构化和竞争性的大学体育活动过渡到生活方式性身体活动，因为非大学运动员队列中的个体似乎进行了更多的身体活动，体重更轻，且健康相关生活质量有所提高。
