Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, and Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980126, Richmond, VA, USA.
J Affect Disord. 2021 Mar 1;282:979-990. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.200. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
At the age of 65, 8 years after finishing his last textbook edition, Emil Kraepelin completed the final edition of his "Introduction to Clinical Psychiatry" which included a mini-textbook for students with a 7-page section on manic-depressive insanity (MDI), a disorder he had formally proposed 22 years earlier, and a series of new detailed case histories, 9 of which examined MDI. This text distills, near the end of his life, Kraepelin's perspective of the key features of MDI. The text and case histories are here translated into English for the first time. Kraepelin's views of the symptoms and signs of melancholia and mania closely aligned to those proposed by DSM-5. He emphasized the importance both of mixed features and the constitutional/personality foundations of MDI suggesting that a particular emotional disposition is often seen both inter-episodically in affected individuals (where they "fill the entire life") and in their unaffected relatives. He illustrates both these points in his case reports. His cases also made clear that for Kraepelin, classical Schneiderian psychotic symptoms and a full catatonic syndrome were consistent with a diagnosis of MDI.
在完成最后一版教科书 8 年后，即 65 岁时，埃米尔·克雷佩林 (Emil Kraepelin) 完成了他的《临床精神病学导论》的最终版，其中包括一本针对学生的迷你教科书，其中有 7 页是关于躁狂抑郁性精神病 (MDI) 的内容，这是他在 22 年前正式提出的一种疾病，还有一系列新的详细病历，其中 9 份是关于 MDI 的。这篇文章浓缩了克雷佩林在生命即将结束时对 MDI 的主要特征的看法。本文和病历首次被翻译成英文。克雷佩林对忧郁症和躁狂症的症状和体征的看法与 DSM-5 提出的看法非常吻合。他强调了混合特征和 MDI 的体质/人格基础的重要性，表明特定的情绪倾向通常在受影响的个体中（在他们“充满整个生活”的情况下）和他们未受影响的亲属中都可以看到。他在病例报告中阐述了这两点。他的病例也清楚地表明，对克雷佩林来说，经典的 Schneiderian 精神病症状和全面的紧张症候群与 MDI 的诊断一致。
