The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Curr Opin Oncol. 2021 May 1;33(3):231-237. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000000719.
This review aims to highlight recent advances in prostate cancer tumor-immune microenvironment research and summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge of immune checkpoint inhibitors in prostate cancer.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the cornerstone of modern immunotherapy which have shown encouraging results across a spectrum of cancers. However, only limited survival benefit has been seen in patients with prostate cancer. Prostate cancer progression and its response to immunotherapies are strongly influenced by the tumor-immune microenvironment, whose feature can be summarized as low amounts of tumor-specific antigens, low frequency of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and high frequency of tumor-associated macrophages. To improve the therapeutic effect of immunotherapies, in recent years, many strategies have been applied, of which the most promising ones include the combination of multiple immunotherapeutic agents, the combination of an immunotherapeutic agent with other modalities in parallel or in sequential, and the development of biomarkers to find a subgroup of patients who may benefit the most from immunotherapeutic agents.
The impact of immune content and specific immune cell types on prostate cancer biology is highly complex. Recent clinical trials have shed light on the optimal use of immunotherapies for prostate cancer.
本文旨在强调前列腺癌肿瘤免疫微环境研究的最新进展，并总结免疫检查点抑制剂在前列腺癌中的最新知识。
免疫检查点抑制剂是现代免疫疗法的基石，在一系列癌症中取得了令人鼓舞的结果。然而，在前列腺癌患者中，仅观察到有限的生存获益。前列腺癌的进展及其对免疫疗法的反应受肿瘤免疫微环境的强烈影响，其特征可概括为肿瘤特异性抗原数量低、肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞频率低和肿瘤相关巨噬细胞频率高。为了提高免疫疗法的治疗效果，近年来应用了许多策略，其中最有前途的策略包括多种免疫治疗药物的联合应用、免疫治疗药物与其他方法的平行或序贯联合应用，以及开发生物标志物以找到最有可能从免疫治疗药物中获益的亚组患者。
免疫含量和特定免疫细胞类型对前列腺癌生物学的影响非常复杂。最近的临床试验阐明了免疫疗法在前列腺癌中的最佳应用。
