Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Biofactors. 2021 May;47(3):270-291. doi: 10.1002/biof.1717. Epub 2021 Feb 19.
Finding effective treatments for cardiac diseases is among the hottest subjects in medicine; cell-based therapies have brought great promises for managing a broad range of life-threatening heart complications such as myocardial infarction. After clarifying the critical role of angiogenesis in tissue repair and regeneration, various stem/progenitor cell were utilized to accelerate the healing of injured cardiac tissue. Embryonic, fetal, adult, and induced pluripotent stem cells have shown the appropriate proangiogenic potential for tissue repair strategies. The capability of stem cells for differentiating into endothelial lineages was initially introduced as the primary mechanism involved in improving angiogenesis and accelerated heart tissue repair. However, recent studies have demonstrated the leading role of paracrine factors secreted by stem cells in advancing neo-vessel formation. Genetically modified stem cells are also being applied for promoting angiogenesis regarding their ability to considerably overexpress and secrete angiogenic bioactive molecules. Yet, conducting further research seems necessary to precisely identify molecular mechanisms behind the proangiogenic potential of stem cells, including the signaling pathways and regulatory molecules such as microRNAs. In conclusion, stem cells' pivotal roles in promoting angiogenesis and consequent improved cardiac healing and remodeling processes should not be ignored, especially in the case of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles.
寻找有效的心脏病治疗方法是医学领域最热门的课题之一；基于细胞的疗法为治疗多种危及生命的心脏并发症（如心肌梗死）带来了巨大的希望。在明确血管生成在组织修复和再生中的关键作用后，各种干细胞/祖细胞被用于加速受损心脏组织的愈合。胚胎、胎儿、成体和诱导多能干细胞已显示出在组织修复策略中具有适当的促血管生成潜力。干细胞分化为内皮谱系的能力最初被认为是参与改善血管生成和加速心脏组织修复的主要机制。然而，最近的研究表明，干细胞分泌的旁分泌因子在促进新血管形成方面发挥着主导作用。遗传修饰的干细胞也因其能够大量过表达和分泌血管生成生物活性分子而被应用于促进血管生成。然而，为了精确确定干细胞促血管生成潜力背后的分子机制，包括信号通路和调节分子（如 microRNAs），似乎还需要进一步的研究。总之，干细胞在促进血管生成以及随后改善心脏愈合和重塑过程中的关键作用不容忽视，尤其是在干细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡的情况下。
