中国热带不同橡胶林土壤质量评价。
Soil quality assessment of different Hevea brasiliensis plantations in tropical China.
机构信息
CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China.
出版信息
J Environ Manage. 2021 May 1;285:112147. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112147. Epub 2021 Feb 16.
Land degradation is a global problem caused by improper agricultural practices. In tropical China, the rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations are predominantly practiced on forest-cleared lands, considering their sustainable land management potential compared to annual cropping. However, all rubber plantations may not have similar land management capacity. Soil quality index (SQI) can reveal the overall soil status with a single score, which is an efficient tool to evaluate the soil quality of each category of rubber plantations. We investigated 23 soil physical and chemical parameters of three categories of rubber plantations and a primary rainforest, and derived SQI based on these parameters. Soil samples were collected from a rubber monoculture (RM), a rubber-Camellia sinensis agroforestry (RT), a rubber-Dracaena cochinchinensis agroforestry (RD), and a primary rainforest (RF). The results showed that the SQI value of the RM decreased by 15.50% compared to the RF, with a significant degree of soil nutrient loss (18.90%). This indicates that monocultural rubber cultivation is causing land degradation to some extent. However, the SQI was significantly enhanced by rubber-based agroforestry practices (25.30% by RT and 33.10% by RD) compared to the RM, suggesting that polyculture practices are suitable to recover the soil quality in degraded agricultural lands. Moreover, the chemical parameters contributed more to the SQI than did the physical parameters, indicating that nutrient management is important in soil quality recovery. Overall, our results suggest that agroforestry should be preferred over monoculture in the rubber plantations for sustainable land management in tropical China.
土地退化是由不当农业实践引起的全球性问题。在中国热带地区，与每年一熟的作物种植相比，橡胶（Hevea brasiliensis）种植园主要在砍伐森林的土地上进行，因为它们具有可持续的土地管理潜力。然而，并非所有橡胶种植园都具有类似的土地管理能力。土壤质量指数（SQI）可以用单一分数揭示整体土壤状况，是评估各类橡胶种植园土壤质量的有效工具。我们调查了三种橡胶种植园（橡胶纯林 RM、橡胶-茶树农林复合 RT、橡胶-龙血树农林复合 RD）和原始雨林的 23 种土壤物理和化学参数，并根据这些参数得出了 SQI。从橡胶纯林 RM、橡胶-茶树农林复合 RT、橡胶-龙血树农林复合 RD 和原始雨林 RF 中采集土壤样本。结果表明，与 RF 相比，RM 的 SQI 值下降了 15.50%，土壤养分损失程度显著（18.90%）。这表明，单一的橡胶种植在一定程度上导致了土地退化。然而，与 RM 相比，基于橡胶的农林复合经营（RT 提高 25.30%，RD 提高 33.10%）显著提高了 SQI，表明多物种种植更适合恢复退化农地的土壤质量。此外，与物理参数相比，化学参数对 SQI 的贡献更大，这表明养分管理在土壤质量恢复中很重要。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，在中国热带地区，为了实现可持续的土地管理，橡胶种植园应优先采用农林复合经营，而不是单一栽培。
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