Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Oct 20;948:174935. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174935. Epub 2024 Jul 23.
Forest restoration is an effective method for restoring degraded soil ecosystems (e.g., converting primary tropical forests into rubber monoculture plantations; RM). The effects of forest restoration on microbial community diversity and composition have been extensively studied. However, how rubber plantation-based forest restoration reshapes soil microbial communities, networks, and inner assembly mechanisms remains unclear. Here, we explored the effects of jungle rubber mixed (JRM; secondary succession and natural restoration of RM) plantation and introduction of rainforest species (AR; anthropogenic restoration established by mimicking the understory and overstory tree species of native rainforests) to RM stands on soil physico-chemical properties and microbial communities. We found that converting tropical rainforest (RF) to RM decreased soil fertility and simplified microbial composition and co-occurrence patterns, whereas the conversion of RM to JRM and AR exhibited opposite results. These changes were significantly correlated with pH, soil moisture content (SMC), and soil nutrients, suggesting that vegetation restoration can provide a favorable soil microenvironment that promotes the development of soil microorganisms. The complexity and stability of the bacterial-fungal cross-kingdom, bacterial, and fungal networks increased with JRM and AR. Bacterial community assembly was primarily governed by stochastic (78.79 %) and deterministic (59.09 %) processes in JRM and AR, respectively, whereas stochastic processes (limited dispersion) predominantly shaped fungal assembly across all forest stands. AR has more significant benefits than JRM, such as a relatively slower and natural vegetation succession with more nutritive soil conditions, microbial diversity, and complex and stable microbial networks. These results highlight the importance of sustainable forest management to restore soil biodiversity and ecosystem functions after extensive soil degradation and suggest that anthropogenic restoration can more effectively improve soil quality and microbial communities than natural restoration in degraded rubber plantations.
森林恢复是恢复退化土壤生态系统（例如，将原始热带森林转换为橡胶单一栽培种植园；RM）的有效方法。森林恢复对微生物群落多样性和组成的影响已得到广泛研究。然而，橡胶种植园为基础的森林恢复如何重塑土壤微生物群落、网络和内在组装机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们探讨了丛林橡胶混合（JRM；RM 的次生演替和自然恢复）种植园和引入雨林物种（AR；通过模拟原生雨林的林下和林上树种人为恢复建立的）对 RM 林分的土壤理化性质和微生物群落的影响。我们发现，将热带雨林（RF）转换为 RM 会降低土壤肥力并简化微生物组成和共生模式，而将 RM 转换为 JRM 和 AR 则产生相反的结果。这些变化与 pH 值、土壤水分含量（SMC）和土壤养分显著相关，表明植被恢复可以提供有利于土壤微生物发展的微环境。细菌-真菌跨界、细菌和真菌网络的复杂性和稳定性随着 JRM 和 AR 的增加而增加。细菌群落组装主要由 JRM 和 AR 中的随机（78.79%）和确定性（59.09%）过程决定，而真菌组装主要由随机过程（有限分散）决定。AR 比 JRM 具有更显著的优势，例如具有更具营养性的土壤条件、微生物多样性以及复杂而稳定的微生物网络的相对较慢和自然的植被演替。这些结果强调了可持续森林管理对于在广泛土壤退化后恢复土壤生物多样性和生态系统功能的重要性，并表明人为恢复比退化橡胶种植园中自然恢复更有效地改善土壤质量和微生物群落。
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