Kippnich Maximilian, Meybohm Patrick, Wurmb Thomas
Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2021 Feb;56(2):111-123. doi: 10.1055/a-1085-6671. Epub 2021 Feb 19.
Disaster medicine faces complex challenges and will play an increasing role in the future. Disaster medicine is dominated by a phased imbalance of available and required resources. Various factors, such as a possible hazard for the rescue forces, inaccessible terrain or even destroyed infrastructure increase the complexity enormously. For casualties, this can mean a concentration of medical care on life-threatening conditions. The primary goal of emergency planning is to ensure standard or contingency care and to avoid crisis care.Hospitals and the preclinical emergency organizations must prepare for possible major emergencies or disasters. Easy-to-understand and just as easy to apply emergency plans are an important prerequisite for successful emergency management. These plans can only be guiding structures; the adaptation to the actual circumstances of the incident and the situation-adapted interpretation of the plans is the responsibility of the operational commanders. A clear leadership structure is essential for both preclinical and clinical operations. In this article, we describe important basic principles of disaster medicine mission planning and management.
灾难医学面临着复杂的挑战，并且在未来将发挥越来越重要的作用。灾难医学的特点是可用资源与所需资源之间存在阶段性失衡。各种因素，如救援部队可能面临的危险、难以到达的地形甚至被摧毁的基础设施，极大地增加了复杂性。对于伤亡人员而言，这可能意味着医疗护理集中于危及生命的状况。应急规划的首要目标是确保标准或应急护理，并避免危机护理。医院和院前急救组织必须为可能发生的重大紧急情况或灾难做好准备。易于理解且同样易于应用的应急预案是成功进行应急管理的重要前提。这些预案只能是指导性框架；根据事件的实际情况进行调整以及对应急预案进行因地制宜的解读是行动指挥官的职责。清晰的领导架构对于院前和临床行动都至关重要。在本文中，我们描述了灾难医学任务规划与管理的重要基本原则。
