Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
Mol Neurodegener. 2021 Feb 19;16(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s13024-021-00430-x.
Four fluid-based biomarkers have been developed into diagnostic tests for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology: the ratio of 42 to 40 amino acid-long amyloid β, a marker of plaque pathology; total-tau and phosphorylated tau, markers of AD-related changes in tau metabolism and secretion; and neurofilament light, a marker of neurodegeneration. When measured in cerebrospinal fluid, these biomarkers can be used in clinical practice to support a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or dementia due to AD. Recently, technological breakthroughs have made it possible to measure them in standard blood samples as well. Here, we give an updated account of the current state of the fluid-based AD biomarker research field. We discuss how the new blood tests may be used in research and clinical practice, and what role they may play in relation to more established diagnostic tests, such as CSF biomarkers and amyloid and tau positron emission tomography, to facilitate the effective implementation of future disease-modifying therapies.
四种基于液体的生物标志物已被开发为阿尔茨海默病（AD）病理的诊断测试：42 到 40 个氨基酸长的淀粉样β的比率，这是斑块病理的标志物；总tau 和磷酸化 tau，AD 相关 tau 代谢和分泌变化的标志物；以及神经丝轻链，这是神经退行性变的标志物。当在脑脊液中测量时，这些生物标志物可用于临床实践中，以支持 AD 引起的轻度认知障碍或痴呆的诊断。最近，技术突破使得在标准血液样本中测量它们成为可能。在这里，我们更新了目前基于液体的 AD 生物标志物研究领域的情况。我们讨论了新的血液测试如何在研究和临床实践中使用，以及它们在与更成熟的诊断测试（如 CSF 生物标志物和淀粉样蛋白和 tau 正电子发射断层扫描）的关系中可能发挥的作用，以促进未来疾病修饰疗法的有效实施。
