Trinity College Dublin, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Ireland.
Trinity College Dublin, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Ireland.
J Pediatr Nurs. 2021 Sep-Oct;60:46-57. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.01.027. Epub 2021 Feb 18.
Despite reports that asthma is the leading cause of school absenteeism and the third leading cause of hospitalization in children under 15 years, little is known about how school nurses are educated and trained to manage asthma in schools. The current scoping review sought to describe the published literature on available asthma education programs for school nurses to manage asthma in schoolchildren.
This paper used Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) scoping review framework to identify the existing literature on the education and training received by school nurses to provide evidence-based practice care to school students with asthma, aged 5 to 18 years.
A search strategy was developed and implemented in 6 electronic databases including PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO, from 1980 to 2020. A total of 1012 citations were identified, 27 full-text articles were retrieved and assessed for eligibility, and eight studies were finally reviewed and synthesized.
The educational programs throughout four interventional studies consisted of a one-time training session, followed by a practical demonstration. Four out of 8 included studies assessed school nurses' previous exposure to an asthma educational programs through needs assessment surveys. The education delivery methods need to be synchronized with global technological advances and the availability of smartphones.
There is a need to highlight school nurses' asthma educational needs and the preferred ways of delivering asthma programs to school nurses. The review also called for ongoing skill and knowledge assessment strategies to ensure the delivery of evidence-based practice care.
There is a need to standardize asthma education programs delivered to school nurses. Future empirical research is recommended to investigate and evaluate such programs.
尽管有报道称哮喘是导致学生缺课的主要原因，也是 15 岁以下儿童住院的第三大原因，但人们对学校护士接受了哪些教育和培训以管理学校中的哮喘知之甚少。本研究旨在描述现有关于学校护士管理学童哮喘的可用哮喘教育计划的文献。
本文采用 Arksey 和 O'Malley（2005 年）的范围综述框架，确定了有关学校护士接受教育和培训的现有文献，以提供针对 5 至 18 岁哮喘学生的循证实践护理。
制定并实施了一项搜索策略，在 6 个电子数据库中进行检索，包括 PubMed、CINAHL、EMBASE、ERIC、MEDLINE 和 PsycINFO，检索时间范围为 1980 年至 2020 年。共确定了 1012 条引文，检索并评估了 27 篇全文文章的资格，并最终审查和综合了 8 项研究。
四项干预研究中的教育计划包括一次性培训课程，随后进行实际演示。8 项研究中有 4 项评估了学校护士通过需求评估调查对以前的哮喘教育计划的接触情况。教育提供方法需要与全球技术进步和智能手机的可用性保持同步。
需要强调学校护士的哮喘教育需求以及向学校护士提供哮喘计划的首选方式。该综述还呼吁采取持续的技能和知识评估策略，以确保提供循证实践护理。
需要规范向学校护士提供的哮喘教育计划。建议进行未来的实证研究，以调查和评估此类计划。
