Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Relaciones Internacionales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia; Observatorio de Restitución y Regulación de Derechos de Propiedad Agraria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Campus Universitario Edificio 224, MANUEL ANCIZAR. Ac. 26 #3835, Bogotá, Colombia.
Int J Drug Policy. 2021 Mar;89:103156. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103156. Epub 2021 Feb 18.
This paper compares coca with mainstream agrarian economies in Colombia. It shows that the country's legal and illicit sectors share several fundamental characteristics and processes. Due to its very illegality, coca is endowed with positive characteristics that are not easily found elsewhere: it is a productive - even in the absence of basic public goods -, familial, labor intensive, smallholder agriculture, relatively resistant to monoculture. Furthermore, different processes of social change have mitigated some of the typical problems of agrarian frontiers linked to global markets. In turn, its illegal status also imposes extreme costs over peasants and other social sectors. On the one hand, due to coca producers can escape from the "reproductive squeeze" and extreme pattern of land concentration that affect other peasants; on the other, coca becomes an unending source of risk and distress. This contradiction puts peasants in front of very tough tradeoffs, which in turn demand a careful reconsideration of what "alternative" development can mean in the Colombian context.
本文将古柯与哥伦比亚主流农业经济进行了比较。研究表明，该国合法和非法部门具有几个共同的基本特征和过程。由于古柯的极度非法性，它具有其他地方不易发现的积极特征：它是一种生产性作物——即使在缺乏基本公共产品的情况下——具有家庭性、劳动密集型、小农农业的特点，对单一栽培具有较强的抵抗力。此外，不同的社会变革进程减轻了与全球市场相关的一些典型农业前沿问题。反过来，其非法地位也给农民和其他社会阶层带来了极端的代价。一方面，古柯种植者可以逃避影响其他农民的“再生产挤压”和土地高度集中的极端模式；另一方面，古柯成为了风险和困苦的无尽源泉。这种矛盾使农民面临着非常艰难的权衡取舍，这反过来又需要仔细重新考虑在哥伦比亚背景下“替代”发展可能意味着什么。
