Sahi Puneet Kaur, Jhamb Urmila, Dabas Aashima
Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India. Correspondence to: Dr Puneet Kaur Sahi, Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi 110 002, India.
Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Indian Pediatr. 2021 May 15;58(5):453-460. doi: 10.1007/s13312-021-2216-4. Epub 2021 Feb 19.
There is a lack of clarity regarding management of COVID-19 infection in children. This review aims to summarize the key clinical presentations and management of Pediatric COVID-19. The Medline database was searched for seminal articles and guidelines on COVID-19 presentation and management in children less than 18 years of age. COVID-19 has a lower incidence (1-5% of reported cases worldwide), causes milder disease with lower need for intensive care admission and lower mortality rate (0-0.7%) in children compared with adults. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome is a rare but severe complication in children. Majority of patients require supportive care including adequate hydration, nutrition and antipyretics. Supplemental oxygen therapy should be given in moderate to severe cases with all precautions to prevent air-borne COVID-19 spread. Steroids may be helpful in severe cases. Anticoagulation is indicated in moderate to severe cases with risk factors. More data on the efficacy and safety of antivirals and immunomodulators in children is needed.
关于儿童新冠病毒感染的管理尚缺乏明确性。本综述旨在总结儿童新冠病毒感染的关键临床表现及管理方法。检索了Medline数据库，以查找有关18岁以下儿童新冠病毒感染的表现及管理的重要文章和指南。与成人相比，新冠病毒在儿童中的发病率较低（全球报告病例的1-5%），疾病症状较轻，入住重症监护病房的需求较低，死亡率也较低（0-0.7%）。多系统炎症综合征是儿童中一种罕见但严重的并发症。大多数患者需要支持性治疗，包括充足的补液、营养和退烧药。对于中重度病例，应给予补充氧气治疗，并采取一切预防措施以防止新冠病毒通过空气传播。类固醇可能对重症病例有帮助。对于有危险因素的中重度病例，应进行抗凝治疗。还需要更多关于抗病毒药物和免疫调节剂在儿童中的疗效和安全性的数据。
