Review on Stress Tolerance in .

spp. are the leading global cause of bacterial colon infections in humans. Enteropathogens are subjected to several stress conditions in the host colon, food complexes, and the environment. Species of the genus , in collective interactions with certain enteropathogens, can manage and survive such stress conditions. The stress-adaptation mechanisms of spp. diverge from other enteropathogenic bacteria, such as , serovar Typhi, ser. Paratyphi, ser. Typhimurium, and species of the genera and . This review summarizes the different mechanisms of various stress-adaptive factors on the basis of species diversity in , including their response to various stress conditions that enhance their ability to survive on different types of food and in adverse environmental conditions. Understanding how these stress adaptation mechanisms in , and other enteric bacteria, are used to overcome various challenging environments facilitates the fight against resistance mechanisms in spp., and aids the development of novel therapeutics to control in both veterinary and human populations.