Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-2352, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2021 Mar 16;55(6):3470-3482. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06254. Epub 2021 Feb 22.
Electrochemical disinfection-a method in which chemical oxidants are generated via redox reactions on the surface of an electrode-has attracted increased attention in recent years as an alternative to traditional chemical dosing disinfection methods. Because electrochemical disinfection does not entail the transport and storage of hazardous materials and can be scaled across centralized and distributed treatment contexts, it shows promise for use both in resource limited settings and as a supplement for aging centralized systems. In this Critical Review, we explore the significance of treatment context, oxidant selection, and operating practice on electrochemical disinfection system performance. We analyze the impacts of water composition on oxidant demand and required disinfectant dose across drinking water, centralized wastewater, and distributed wastewater treatment contexts for both free chlorine- and hydroxyl-radical-based systems. Drivers of energy consumption during oxidant generation are identified, and the energetic performance of experimentally reported electrochemical disinfection systems are evaluated against optimal modeled performance. We also highlight promising applications and operational strategies for electrochemical disinfection and propose reporting standards for future work.
电化学消毒——一种通过电极表面的氧化还原反应产生化学氧化剂的方法——近年来作为传统化学投加消毒方法的替代方法引起了越来越多的关注。由于电化学消毒不需要运输和储存危险材料，并且可以在集中式和分布式处理环境中扩展，因此它有望在资源有限的环境中使用，也可以作为老化的集中式系统的补充。在这篇评论中，我们探讨了处理环境、氧化剂选择和操作实践对电化学消毒系统性能的重要性。我们分析了水成分对饮用水、集中式废水和分布式废水处理环境中基于自由氯和羟基自由基的系统的氧化剂需求和所需消毒剂剂量的影响。确定了在氧化剂生成过程中消耗能量的驱动因素，并根据最佳模型性能评估了实验报告的电化学消毒系统的能量性能。我们还强调了电化学消毒的有前途的应用和操作策略，并提出了未来工作的报告标准。
