Department of Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
Center for Clinical Infectious Diseases and Research, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
J Med Virol. 2021 May;93(5):3211-3218. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26899. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
We analyzed antibody response patterns according to the level of disease severity in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan. We analyzed 611 serum specimens from 231 patients with COVID-19 (mild, 170; severe, 31; critical, 30). Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies against nucleocapsid protein (N) and spike 1 protein (S1) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The peaks of fitting curves for the optical density (OD) values of IgM and IgG antibodies against N appeared simultaneously, while those against S1 were delayed compared with N. The OD values of IgM against N and IgG against both N and S1 were significantly higher in the severe and critical cases than in the mild cases at 11 days after symptom onset. The seroconversion rates of IgG were higher than those of IgM against both N and S1 during the clinical course based on the optimal cut-off values defined in this study. The seroconversion rates of IgG and IgM against N and S1 were higher in the severe and critical cases than in the mild cases. Our findings show that a stronger antibody response occurred in COVID-19 patients with greater disease severity and there were low seroconversion rates of antibodies against N and S1 in the mild cases.
我们根据日本新型冠状病毒病 2019 患者（COVID-19）疾病严重程度分析了抗体反应模式。我们分析了 231 例 COVID-19 患者（轻症 170 例、重症 31 例、危重症 30 例）的 611 份血清标本。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测针对核衣壳蛋白（N）和刺突 1 蛋白（S1）的免疫球蛋白 M（IgM）和 IgG 抗体。IgM 和 IgG 针对 N 的光密度（OD）值拟合曲线的峰值同时出现，而针对 S1 的峰值则滞后于 N。与轻症病例相比，在发病后 11 天，重症和危重症病例针对 N 的 IgM 和针对 N 和 S1 的 IgG 的 OD 值明显更高。根据本研究中定义的最佳截断值，IgG 对 N 和 S1 的血清转化率均高于 IgM。N 和 S1 的 IgG 和 IgM 血清转化率在重症和危重症病例中均高于轻症病例。我们的研究结果表明，疾病严重程度较高的 COVID-19 患者的抗体反应更强，且轻症患者针对 N 和 S1 的抗体血清转化率较低。
