Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2021 Oct;130(10):1181-1189. doi: 10.1177/0003489421995037. Epub 2021 Feb 25.
Omohyoid muscle syndrome (OMS) is a condition that causes a X-shaped lateral neck lump on swallowing, caused by the failure of the central tendon of the omohyoid muscle to restrict movement of the muscle during swallowing. We aim to review the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic tests, and management options for this condition.
Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for all articles and abstracts related to OMS up to 29th July 2020.
A systematic review was performed, data extracted from relevant full text articles. Both quantitative data and qualitative data were analyzed.
Twenty cases of OMS were reported. Patients presented at a mean age of 36.0. All cases were Asian. There is a 7:3 ratio of males to females. The most common symptom was a transient neck mass. Most cases were managed conservatively with good prognosis. Open or endoscopic transection of the muscle and ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injection were 3 treatment options, with no recurrence at 4 years, 6 months, and 6 months respectively.
OMS could be genetic as all cases were Asian in ethnicity. The deep cervical fascia which usually envelopes the omohyoid muscle may be weakened by stress as 20% of cases had a preceding traumatic event. Real-time ultrasonography establishes the diagnosis, demonstrating the anterolateral displacement of the sternocleidomastoid muscle by a thickened omohyoid muscle during swallowing. Surgical transection can achieve cure, but due to limited studies available, they should be reserved for patients who are extremely bothered. Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin is an effective alternative, but recurrence is expected.
胸锁乳突肌综合征（OMS）是一种吞咽时出现 X 形颈侧肿块的病症，由胸锁乳突肌中央腱在吞咽时无法限制肌肉运动引起。我们旨在回顾这种情况的病因、病理生理学、诊断测试和治疗选择。
在 2020 年 7 月 29 日之前，通过 Pubmed、MEDLINE、EMBASE 和 Cochrane 数据库搜索了与 OMS 相关的所有文章和摘要。
进行了系统评价，从相关全文文章中提取数据。分析了定量数据和定性数据。
报告了 20 例 OMS 病例。患者的平均年龄为 36.0 岁。所有病例均为亚洲人。男女比例为 7:3。最常见的症状是短暂性颈部肿块。大多数病例采用保守治疗，预后良好。开放性或内镜下切断肌肉和超声引导下肉毒毒素注射是 3 种治疗选择，分别在 4 年、6 个月和 6 个月时无复发。
OMS 可能是遗传性的，因为所有病例的种族均为亚洲人。通常包裹胸锁乳突肌的深部颈筋膜可能因应力而减弱，因为 20%的病例有先前的创伤事件。实时超声检查可建立诊断，在吞咽时显示胸锁乳突肌被增厚的胸锁乳突肌向前外侧移位。手术切断可达到治愈，但由于可用的研究有限，应保留给那些非常困扰的患者。肌肉内注射肉毒毒素是一种有效的替代方法，但预计会复发。
