Department of Infrastructure and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, University of Campinas (InfrA, FEC, UNICAMP), Rua Saturnino de Brito, 224, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083889, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Aug;28(30):40460-40473. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13001-w. Epub 2021 Feb 25.
In a post-pandemic scenario, indoor air monitoring may be required seeking to safeguard public health, and therefore well-defined methods, protocols, and equipment play an important role. Considering the COVID-19 pandemic, this manuscript presents a literature review on indoor air sampling methods to detect viruses, especially SARS-CoV-2. The review was conducted using the following online databases: Web of Science, Science Direct, and PubMed, and the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR" to combine the following keywords: air sampler, coronavirus, COVID-19, indoor, and SARS-CoV-2. This review included 25 published papers reporting sampling and detection methods for SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments. Most of the papers focused on sampling and analysis of viruses in aerosols present in contaminated areas and potential transmission to adjacent areas. Negative results were found in 10 studies, while 15 papers showed positive results in at least one sample. Overall, papers report several sampling devices and methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection, using different approaches for distance, height from the floor, flow rates, and sampled air volumes. Regarding the efficacy of each mechanism as measured by the percentage of investigations with positive samples, the literature review indicates that solid impactors are more effective than liquid impactors, or filters, and the combination of various methods may be recommended. As a final remark, determining the sampling method is not a trivial task, as the samplers and the environment influence the presence and viability of viruses in the samples, and thus a case-by-case assessment is required for the selection of sampling systems.
在后疫情时代，为了维护公众健康，可能需要对室内空气进行监测，因此，明确的方法、协议和设备就显得尤为重要。考虑到 COVID-19 大流行，本文就用于检测病毒（尤其是 SARS-CoV-2）的室内空气采样方法进行了文献回顾。该综述使用了以下在线数据库：Web of Science、Science Direct 和 PubMed，并使用“AND”和“OR”布尔运算符将以下关键字组合在一起：空气采样器、冠状病毒、COVID-19、室内和 SARS-CoV-2。本综述共纳入 25 篇发表的论文，报告了室内环境中 SARS-CoV-2 的采样和检测方法。大多数论文都集中在对污染区域气溶胶中病毒的采样和分析以及对相邻区域潜在传播的研究上。10 项研究结果为阴性，而 15 篇论文至少在一个样本中显示阳性结果。总的来说，论文报道了几种用于 SARS-CoV-2 检测的采样设备和方法，采用了不同的方法来测量距离、距地面的高度、流速和采样空气量。关于每种机制的有效性，即阳性样本调查的百分比，文献综述表明，固体撞击器比液体撞击器或过滤器更有效，并且可能推荐各种方法的组合。最后需要指出的是，确定采样方法并非易事，因为采样器和环境会影响样本中病毒的存在和存活能力，因此需要针对采样系统进行逐个案例评估。
