Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação (PPG-CiAC), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CP 119331, CEP 27910-970, Macaé, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), CP 119331, CEP 27910-970, Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), CP 119331, CEP 27910-970, Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2021 Jul;160:107108. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107108. Epub 2021 Feb 23.
Brevoortia Gill 1861 is a genus of the Clupeidae (Teleostei) that includes six species of fishes commonly known as menhadens in eastern North America and "savelhas" or "saracas" in southeastern South America. Species of Brevoortia are important components of the marine food web of coastal ecosystems in the Atlantic and contribute significantly to fisheries. In this study, the first phylogenetic and biogeographic hypotheses including all species of Brevoortia are presented. A total of 113 specimens were analyzed using three molecular markers (two mitochondrial: COI and 16s; and one nuclear: RAG2). Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference were employed to estimate phylogenetic relationships. A Bayesian multispecies coalescent approach was used to estimate a dated phylogeny, which supported biogeographic analyses of ancestral geographic ranges. Results corroborate previous hypotheses that the four North Atlantic species are grouped in two clades, one composed of B. tyrannus (Latrobe, 1802) and B. patronus Goode, 1878, and the second including B. smithi Hildebrand, 1941 and B. gunteri Hildebrand, 1948. The South Atlantic B. aurea (Spix and Agassiz, 1829) and B. pectinata (Jenyns, 1842) form a third clade, which is sister to the clade composed of B. smithi and B. gunteri. The monophyly and validity of the six nominal species of Brevoortia were not supported. Results also indicate that Brevoortia originated in the North Atlantic during the middle Miocene (about 15 Mya). A cooling event of the tropical Atlantic at around 10 Mya likely facilitated the range expansion of the genus to the South Atlantic, whereas a significant warming of the tropical Atlantic waters during the late Miocene at 6-7 Mya possibly promoted the isolation between the northern and southern counterparts of that ancestral lineage. The relevance of the Florida Peninsula in association with sea level fluctuations for the diversification within Brevoortia is also discussed.
布雷弗氏鲱 Gill 1861 是鲱科（硬骨鱼）的一个属，包括六种通常在北美的东海岸被称为海鲱鱼，在南美洲的东南海岸被称为 savelhas 或 saracas 的鱼类。布雷弗氏鲱属的物种是大西洋沿海生态系统海洋食物网的重要组成部分，对渔业有重要贡献。在这项研究中，提出了包括所有布雷弗氏鲱属物种的第一个系统发育和生物地理假设。使用三个分子标记（两个线粒体：COI 和 16s；和一个核：RAG2）分析了 113 个标本。采用最大简约法、最大似然法和贝叶斯推断法估计系统发育关系。贝叶斯多物种聚合法用于估计有时间标记的系统发育，该方法支持对祖先地理范围的生物地理分析。结果证实了以前的假设，即四个北大西洋物种分为两个分支，一个分支由 B. tyrannus (Latrobe, 1802) 和 B. patronus Goode, 1878 组成，另一个分支包括 B. smithi Hildebrand, 1941 和 B. gunteri Hildebrand, 1948。南大西洋的 B. aurea (Spix 和 Agassiz, 1829) 和 B. pectinata (Jenyns, 1842) 形成第三个分支，该分支与由 B. smithi 和 B. gunteri 组成的分支是姐妹关系。六个命名的布雷弗氏鲱属物种的单系性和有效性没有得到支持。结果还表明，布雷弗氏鲱属起源于中中新世（约 1500 万年前）的北大西洋。约 1000 万年前热带大西洋的一次冷却事件可能促进了该属向大西洋南部的扩张，而 6-700 万年前晚中新世热带大西洋水域的显著变暖可能促进了该祖先谱系南北对应分支的隔离。还讨论了佛罗里达半岛与海平面波动相关联在布雷弗氏鲱属内部多样化中的相关性。
