Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Italy.
Nutrition. 2021 Jun;86:111178. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111178. Epub 2021 Jan 30.
The effect of diet on immune responses is an area of intense investigation. Dietary lipids have been shown to differently influence and fine-tune the reactivity of immune cell subsets, thus potentially affecting clinical outcomes. Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma face malnutrition, due to swallowing impairment related to the tumor site or to treatment sequalae, and may need supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) in addition to oral feeding when enteral nutrition is not feasible. Additionally, immune depression is a well-known complication in these patients. Parenteral nutrition (PN) bags contain amino acids, minerals, electrolytes and mostly lipids that provide calories in a concentrated form and are enriched with essential fatty acids. The aim of this study was to investigate multiple parameters of the immune responses in a cohort of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma undergoing supplemental PN with bags enriched in ω-3 or ω-9 and ω-6 fatty acids.
To our knowledge, this was the first exploratory study to investigate the effects of two different PN lipid emulsions on specific immune cells function of patients with advanced head and neck squamous carcinoma. ω-3-enriched fish-oil-based- and ω-6- and ω-9-enriched olive-oil-basedSPN was administered to two groups of patients for 1 wk in the context of an observational multicentric study. Polychromatic flow cytometry was used to investigate multiple subsets of leukocytes, with a special focus on cellular populations endowed with antitumor activity.
Patients treated with olive-oil-based PN showed an increase in the function of the innate (natural killer cells and monocytes) and adaptive (both CD4 and CD8 cells) arms of the immune response.
An increase in the function of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response may favor antitumoral responses.
饮食对免疫反应的影响是一个研究热点。膳食脂质已被证明可差异化地影响和微调免疫细胞亚群的反应性，从而可能影响临床结果。头颈部鳞状细胞癌患者因肿瘤部位或治疗后遗症导致吞咽障碍而面临营养不良，当无法进行肠内营养时，可能需要补充肠外营养（SPN）。此外，免疫抑制是这些患者的已知并发症。肠外营养（PN）袋含有氨基酸、矿物质、电解质和大部分以浓缩形式提供热量的脂质，并富含必需脂肪酸。本研究旨在调查接受富含 ω-3、ω-9 和 ω-6 脂肪酸的 PN 袋补充的头颈部鳞状细胞癌患者免疫反应的多个参数。
据我们所知，这是第一项探索性研究，旨在调查两种不同的 PN 脂质乳剂对头颈部晚期鳞状细胞癌患者特定免疫细胞功能的影响。在一项观察性多中心研究中，两组患者分别接受富含 ω-3 的鱼油基和富含 ω-6 和 ω-9 的橄榄油基 SPN 治疗 1 周。多色流式细胞术用于研究白细胞的多个亚群，特别关注具有抗肿瘤活性的细胞群体。
接受橄榄油基 PN 治疗的患者表现出固有（自然杀伤细胞和单核细胞）和适应性（CD4 和 CD8 细胞）免疫反应的功能增强。
固有和适应性免疫反应功能的增强可能有利于抗肿瘤反应。
