Zakrzewski Alexandria C, Sanders Edie C, Berry Jane M
Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
Front Psychol. 2021 Feb 5;12:630143. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.630143. eCollection 2021.
Research suggests that metacognitive monitoring ability does not decline with age. For example, judgments-of-learning (JOL) accuracy is roughly equivalent between younger and older adults. But few studies have asked whether younger and older adults' metacognitive ability varies across different types of memory processes (e.g., for items vs. pairs). The current study tested the relationship between memory and post-decision confidence ratings at the trial level on item (individual words) and associative (word pairs) memory recognition tests. As predicted, younger and older adults had similar , when using meta-, a measure derived from Signal Detection Theory, despite a significant age effect favoring younger adults on memory performance. This result is consistent with previous work showing age-equivalent metacognitive efficiency in the memory domain. We also found that metacognitive efficiency was higher for associative memory than for item memory across age groups, even though associative and item recognition memory () were statistically equivalent. Higher accuracy on post-test decision confidence ratings for associative recognition relative to item recognition on resolution accuracy itself (meta-) and when corrected for performance differences (meta-) are novel findings. Implications for associative metacognition are discussed.
研究表明，元认知监控能力不会随着年龄的增长而下降。例如，学习判断（JOL）的准确性在年轻人和老年人之间大致相当。但很少有研究探讨年轻人和老年人的元认知能力在不同类型的记忆过程（例如，针对单个项目与配对项目）中是否存在差异。本研究在单个项目（单个单词）和联想（单词对）记忆识别测试的试验层面上，测试了记忆与决策后信心评级之间的关系。正如预期的那样，尽管在记忆表现上存在显著的年龄效应，即年轻人更具优势，但使用源自信号检测理论的一种测量方法——元认知时，年轻人和老年人的表现相似。这一结果与之前的研究结果一致，即在记忆领域中，元认知效率在年龄上是相当的。我们还发现，尽管联想记忆和单个项目记忆在统计上是等效的，但在所有年龄组中，联想记忆的元认知效率都高于单个项目记忆。相对于单个项目识别，联想识别在分辨率准确性本身（元认知）以及校正表现差异后的后测决策信心评级上具有更高的准确性，这是新的发现。本文讨论了其对联想元认知的意义。
