Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet).
J Exp Anal Behav. 2021 May;115(3):679-701. doi: 10.1002/jeab.680. Epub 2021 Feb 25.
The present study compared the effects of reinforcement or punishment versus no additional consequences for instruction following on instructional control and subsequent rule-governed insensitivity. In two experiments, adult participants were presented with repeated choices between a short progressive-time schedule and either a fixed time-schedule or a longer progressive-time schedule. In Experiment 1, three groups were given an initially accurate instruction relative to the direct contingency. A control group experienced no additional consequences for compliance with instructions, whereas compliance resulted in additional points for a second group, and noncompliance led to the subtraction of points for a third group. In a subsequent phase, instructions became inaccurate and there were no additional consequences for compliance or noncompliance for any group. Consistent with previous results, rule-governed insensitivity was observed in all participants. Experiment 2 employed the same procedure, except instructions were inaccurate throughout all sessions, and compliance in the subsequent phase resulted in diminishing points per session. Reinforcement for following instructions increased instructional control and subsequent rule-governed insensitivity. This increase was maintained even after the termination of additional consequences, a result that supports theoretical suggestions that a history of reinforcement for complying with instructions and rules is an important factor in rule-governed insensitivity.
本研究比较了强化或惩罚与遵循指令后无额外后果对教学控制和随后的规则支配性不敏感的影响。在两项实验中，成年参与者在短的渐增时间安排和固定时间安排或更长的渐增时间安排之间进行了重复选择。在实验 1 中，三组人得到了与直接关联相对应的最初准确指令。对照组在遵守指令方面没有得到额外的后果，而第二组遵守指令会得到额外的分数，第三组不遵守指令则会扣分。在随后的阶段，指令变得不准确，对于任何组，遵守或不遵守指令都没有额外的后果。与先前的结果一致，所有参与者都表现出了规则支配性不敏感。实验 2 采用了相同的程序，只是在所有阶段指令都不准确，随后阶段的遵守指令会导致每个阶段的分数减少。遵循指令的强化增加了教学控制和随后的规则支配性不敏感。即使在额外后果结束后，这种增加仍然保持，这一结果支持了理论建议，即遵守指令和规则的强化历史是规则支配性不敏感的一个重要因素。
