Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
DMPK, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China.
J Neurosci Res. 2021 May;99(5):1308-1324. doi: 10.1002/jnr.24805. Epub 2021 Feb 26.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are incurable and can develop progressively debilitating disorders, including dementia and ataxias. Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are the most common NDs that mainly affect the elderly people. There is an urgent need to develop new diagnostic tools so that patients can be accurately stratified at an early stage. As a common post-translational modification, protein glycosylation plays a key role in physiological and pathological processes. The abnormal changes in glycosylation are associated with the altered biological pathways in NDs. The pathogenesis-related proteins, like amyloid-β and microtubule-associated protein tau, have altered glycosylation. Importantly, specific glycosylation changes in cerebrospinal fluid, blood and urine are valuable for revealing neurodegeneration in the early stages. This review describes the emerging biomarkers based on glycoproteomics in NDs, highlighting the potential applications of glycoprotein biomarkers in the early detection of diseases, monitoring of the disease progression, and measurement of the therapeutic responses. The mass spectrometry-based strategies for characterizing glycoprotein biomarkers are also introduced.
神经退行性疾病（NDs）是不可治愈的，并且会逐渐发展为使人衰弱的疾病，包括痴呆和共济失调。阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病是最常见的主要影响老年人的 NDs。因此，迫切需要开发新的诊断工具，以便能够在早期对患者进行准确分层。作为一种常见的翻译后修饰，蛋白质糖基化在生理和病理过程中起着关键作用。糖基化的异常变化与 NDs 中改变的生物学途径有关。发病机制相关蛋白，如淀粉样β和微管相关蛋白 tau，发生了糖基化改变。重要的是，脑脊液、血液和尿液中的特定糖基化变化对于揭示早期神经退行性变具有重要价值。本综述描述了基于糖蛋白质组学的 NDs 新兴生物标志物，强调了糖蛋白生物标志物在疾病早期检测、疾病进展监测和治疗反应测量中的潜在应用。还介绍了基于质谱的糖蛋白生物标志物的特征分析策略。
