A serological investigation of Bovine enterovirus-1, Bovine herpesvirus-1, Bovine viral diarrhea virus, and Parainfluenza-3 infections in camelsin Western Turkey.

Camels (Camelus dromedarius) are bred in Western Turkey, particularly in the province of Aydin, for touristic, social and cultural purposes. Bovine enterovirus‑1 (BEV‑1), Bovine herpesvirus type‑1 (BHV‑1), Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and Parainfluenza‑3 (PI‑3) virus infections are significant causes of health and/or economic concerns in several animal species. These agents have not been investigated in the camel population in Turkey. The objective of this study was to serologically investigate the presence and infection rates of these viruses in camels in Aydin province, Western Turkey. Ninety‑two serum samples were taken from clinically healthy camels that were kept in private farms or brought to the local slaughterhouses. Serum neutralization test was performed to assess the presence and the titers of specific antibodies against BEV‑1, BHV‑1, BVDV, and PI‑3 virus in camel sera. Of the 92 camels tested, 30 (32.61%), 2 (2.17%), 54 (58.7%), and 20 (21.74%) were seropositive for BEV‑1, BHV‑1, BVDV, and PI‑3, respectively. These results suggest that, except for BHV‑1, these viral infections are common among camels in Western Turkey. To our knowledge, this the first comprehensive, large‑scale study investigating these viral infections in camels in Turkey.