CEESAR (France).
Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T 9406 (F-69622 Lyon, France).
Stapp Car Crash J. 2020 Nov;64:213-267. doi: 10.4271/2020-22-0006.
Obese vehicle occupants sustain specific injury patterns in case of accidents in which the interaction between the seat belt and the abdomen may play a role. This study aimed to collect geometrical characteristics and to investigate the mechanical responses of the abdomen of obese subjects. Four Post Mortem Human Subjects (PMHS) with BMI ranging from 31 to 46 kg/m were collected. CT-scans performed in the seated position revealed that the antero-posterior depth of the abdominal fold (from the inguinal region to the most anterior point of the abdominal surface) was much greater (170 mm max., 127 mm average) than the thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissues (85 max., 38 mm in average). Each PMHS was subjected to three infra-injurious antero-posterior belt pulls in a seated posture with a lap belt positioned (C1) superior to the umbilicus, (C2) inferior to the umbilicus, (C3) inside the abdominal fold between the abdomen and the thigh. During the C1 and C2 tests, the belt moved cranially, and the abdominal fold opened widely especially in C2. Forces remained below 1800 N, for maximum applied displacements ranging from 89 to 151 mm for C1 and C2, and 37 to 66 mm for C3. Finally, sled tests were conducted on two PMHS seated on a semi-rigid seat and restrained by a three-point belt equipped with pretensioners and a 3.5 kN force limitation at the shoulder. The first PMHS (BMI 39 kg/m) was tested at 49 km/h (39 g peak) and sustained severe injuries (AIS 4 pelvis dislocation, AIS 3 bilateral femur fractures) attributed to the combined loading of the seat and lap belt force (about 11 kN and 7 kN, respectively). The second PMHS (BMI 46 kg/m) was subjected to a 29 km/h test (8 g plateau) and sustained no injury. The lap belt slid inside the abdominal fold in the first case and deformed the lower abdomen in the second, providing limited restraint forces during that interaction and leading to a large body excursion for the first test. The results highlight the possible relevance of the abdominal fold at the abdomen thigh junction to model and study the restraint conditions of obese occupants using Human Body Models (HBM).
肥胖的车内人员在发生事故时会出现特定的损伤模式，此时安全带和腹部之间的相互作用可能会产生影响。本研究旨在收集肥胖人群腹部的几何特征并研究其力学响应。收集了 4 具尸检人体模型（PMHS），体重指数（BMI）范围为 31 至 46kg/m。在坐姿下进行 CT 扫描显示，腹部褶皱的前后深度（从腹股沟区域到腹部表面的最前点）远大于（最大 170mm，平均 127mm）皮下脂肪组织的厚度（最大 85mm，平均 38mm）。每位 PMHS 在坐姿下进行了三次 infra-injurious 前-后向安全带拉伸，使用三点式安全带（C1）置于脐部上方，（C2）低于脐部，（C3）置于腹部和大腿之间的腹部褶皱内。在 C1 和 C2 测试中，安全带向头侧移动，腹部褶皱张开得很宽，尤其是在 C2 测试中。在最大应用位移为 89 至 151mm（C1 和 C2）和 37 至 66mm（C3）时，力仍保持在 1800N 以下。最后，对两名坐在半刚性座椅上并使用配备预紧器和 3.5kN 肩部力限制器的三点式安全带约束的 PMHS 进行了滑台测试。第一位 PMHS（BMI 为 39kg/m）以 49km/h（峰值 39g）进行测试，发生了严重损伤（骨盆 AIS 4 脱位，双侧股骨 AIS 3 骨折），这归因于座椅和安全带力的联合加载（分别约为 11kN 和 7kN）。第二位 PMHS（BMI 为 46kg/m）以 29km/h 进行测试（8g 平台），未受伤。在第一种情况下，安全带滑入腹部褶皱内，在第二种情况下，安全带变形了下腹部，在这两种情况下，这种相互作用导致安全带约束力有限，并导致第一个测试中身体大幅移动。结果突出了腹部和大腿交界处的腹部褶皱在使用人体模型（HBM）模拟和研究肥胖乘员约束条件方面的潜在相关性。
