Goldscheider C, Mosher W D
Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912.
Stud Fam Plann. 1988 Jan-Feb;19(1):48-57.
This paper presents national estimates of contraceptive usage patterns among white women from 1955-82 for the major religious populations in the United States. Drawing on several surveys, the data show that in 1955 differences in contraceptive use between white Protestants and Catholics were very large and corresponded to the higher fertility levels among Catholics. By 1982, all the major religious groups had experienced downward changes in expected family size and all used effective contraceptive methods, including sterilization, the pill, and the IUD. Despite some convergence in the patterns of contraceptive usage over time, significant differences in contraceptive use styles remain among Catholics, Protestants, Jews, and those of no religious affiliation after multivariate controls eliminated socioeconomic and sociodemographic differences among these subpopulations. The evidence points to the multiple contraceptive paths to similar levels of low fertility. A series of hypotheses are proposed to account for these different contraceptive use styles that relate to religious communities, peer pressure and social norms, differential sex roles, male-female communication patterns, and the differential use of physician-based versus other sources of contraceptives.
本文呈现了1955年至1982年间美国主要宗教群体中白人女性避孕使用模式的全国性估计数据。基于多项调查，数据显示1955年白人新教徒和天主教徒在避孕使用上的差异非常大，且与天主教徒较高的生育率相对应。到1982年，所有主要宗教群体的预期家庭规模都出现了下降，并且都采用了有效的避孕方法，包括绝育、避孕药和宫内节育器。尽管随着时间推移避孕使用模式出现了一些趋同，但在多变量控制消除了这些亚群体之间的社会经济和社会人口差异后，天主教徒、新教徒、犹太人和无宗教信仰者在避孕使用方式上仍存在显著差异。证据表明，多种避孕途径可导致相似水平的低生育率。本文提出了一系列假设来解释这些与宗教群体、同伴压力和社会规范、不同性别角色、男女沟通模式以及基于医生与其他避孕来源的差异使用相关的不同避孕使用方式。
