Furset K, Engelsen B
Department of Physiology, University of Bergen, Norway.
Undersea Biomed Res. 1988 Mar;15(2):79-88.
Sodium benzylpenicillin, cloxacillin, and azlocillin were infused intravenously in awake rats at 1 and 41 bar until they convulsed. The doses necessary to elicit convulsions were significantly lower at 41 than at 1 bar, i.e., with a 24% (P less than 0.0005) lower dose of benzylpenicillin and a 23% lower dose of azlocillin (P less than 0.005). The convulsion threshold of cloxacillin was also lower (13%), but not statistically significant. The results show that high pressure reduces the convulsion threshold for some penicillins. Hippocampal amino acid concentrations were also measured in animals exposed to 1 and 41 bar with and without benzylpenicillin treatment. Infusion of benzylpenicillin at 1 bar led to a decrease of 15% in the glutamate level (P less than 0.05), whereas at 41 bar it decreased the level of glutamate by 17% (P less than 0.05) as well as that of glutamine by 19% (P less than 0.05). The results suggest that treatment with penicillin at high ambient pressure may increase the turnover of transmitter glutamate in the rat hippocampus and thus increase the excitability. These effects should be considered when high doses of penicillins are administered to man at high ambient pressure.
在清醒的大鼠中，静脉注射苄青霉素、氯唑西林和阿洛西林，压力分别为1巴和41巴，直至它们惊厥。引起惊厥所需的剂量在41巴时显著低于1巴，即苄青霉素剂量低24%（P<0.0005），阿洛西林剂量低23%（P<0.005）。氯唑西林的惊厥阈值也较低（13%），但无统计学意义。结果表明，高压降低了某些青霉素的惊厥阈值。还测量了在1巴和41巴下接受或未接受苄青霉素治疗的动物海马中的氨基酸浓度。在1巴下输注苄青霉素导致谷氨酸水平降低15%（P<0.05），而在41巴下，它使谷氨酸水平降低17%（P<0.05），谷氨酰胺水平降低19%（P<0.05）。结果表明，在高环境压力下用青霉素治疗可能会增加大鼠海马中递质谷氨酸的周转率，从而增加兴奋性。当在高环境压力下给人使用高剂量青霉素时，应考虑这些影响。
