Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107.
Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107.
Crit Rev Oncog. 2020;25(4):355-363. doi: 10.1615/CritRevOncog.2020036449.
Specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors regulate the expression of genes associated with several cellular processes and play a critical role in early development. Typically, Sp protein expression decreases with age in healthy adults. Research has shown that Sp proteins can impact the development and transformation of cancer cells and other oncogenic processes, including survival, proliferation, spread, and metastasis. Among the Sp proteins, Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 have been the main targets of study as they are shown to be highly expressed in cancer cells compared to healthy cells. Increased levels of Sp1 are correlated with poor prognosis in some malignancies, including gastrointestinal cancers. In this review, we discuss the role of Sp transcription factors and examine their activities as pro-oncogenic factors in esophageal cancer (EC). Other aspects presented in this review are potential therapeutic options for EC that target Sp1. We summarize the published information on preclinical results using mithramycin and tolfenamic acid.
特异性蛋白 (Sp) 转录因子调节与多种细胞过程相关的基因表达，在早期发育中发挥关键作用。通常，健康成年人的 Sp 蛋白表达会随着年龄的增长而降低。研究表明，Sp 蛋白可以影响癌细胞的发育和转化以及其他致癌过程，包括存活、增殖、扩散和转移。在 Sp 蛋白中，Sp1、Sp3 和 Sp4 是主要的研究靶点，因为与健康细胞相比，它们在癌细胞中高度表达。Sp1 水平的升高与某些恶性肿瘤（包括胃肠道癌症）的预后不良相关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 Sp 转录因子的作用，并研究了它们作为食管癌细胞（EC）致癌因子的活性。本文还介绍了针对 Sp1 的 EC 潜在治疗选择。我们总结了使用米托蒽醌和托芬那酸的临床前研究结果的已发表信息。
