Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, Unites States.
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
Adv Child Dev Behav. 2021;60:229-260. doi: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.08.001. Epub 2020 Nov 20.
Research conducted over the last century has suggested a role for sleep in the processes guiding healthy cognition and development, including memory consolidation. Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) tend to have higher rates of sleep disturbances, which could relate to behavior issues, developmental delays, and learning difficulties. While several studies examine whether sleep exacerbates daytime difficulties and attention deficits in children with IDDs, this chapter focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding sleep and memory consolidation in typically developing (TD) groups and those at risk for learning difficulties. In particular, this chapter summarizes the current literature on sleep-dependent learning across developmental disabilities, including Down syndrome, Williams syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Learning Disabilities (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Dyslexia). We also highlight the gaps in the current literature and identify challenges in studying sleep-dependent memory in children with different IDDs. This burgeoning new field highlights the importance of considering the role of sleep in memory retention across long delays when evaluating children's memory processes. Further, an understanding of typical and atypical development can mutually inform recent theories of sleep's role in memory.
上个世纪的研究表明，睡眠在指导健康认知和发展的过程中发挥了作用，包括记忆巩固。智力和发育障碍（ID）儿童往往睡眠问题发生率更高，这可能与行为问题、发育迟缓以及学习困难有关。尽管有几项研究探讨了睡眠是否会加重 ID 儿童的日间困难和注意力缺陷，但本章重点关注的是有关典型发育（TD）人群和有学习困难风险人群的睡眠与记忆巩固的现有知识状况。特别是，本章总结了关于发育障碍（包括唐氏综合征、威廉姆斯综合征、自闭症谱系障碍和学习障碍（注意力缺陷/多动障碍和阅读障碍））中睡眠依赖学习的现有文献。我们还强调了当前文献中的空白，并确定了研究不同 ID 儿童的睡眠依赖性记忆所面临的挑战。这个新兴的新领域强调了在评估儿童的记忆过程时，考虑睡眠在长时间延迟下对记忆保持的作用的重要性。此外，对典型和非典型发育的理解可以相互为睡眠在记忆中的作用的最新理论提供信息。
