Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Vet J. 2021 Apr;270:105623. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105623. Epub 2021 Jan 25.
Pituitary tumours are common in dogs and are being increasingly recognized in cats. Pituitary tumours are usually classified as adenomas and should only be classified as carcinomas when there is evidence of metastatic spread of the tumour, which is rare. Despite the benign nature of most pituitary tumours, they can still compress or invade neighbouring tissues. Pituitary tumours can be functional (hormonally active) or non-functional (hormonally silent). The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the different pituitary tumour types in dogs and cats that have been reported in the literature. In dogs, the most common pituitary tumour type is the corticotroph adenoma, which can cause pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism. In cats, the most common pituitary tumour is the somatotroph adenoma, which can cause hypersomatotropism, and the second-most common is the corticotroph adenoma. A lactotroph adenoma has been described in one dog, while gonadotroph, thyrotroph and null cell adenomas have not been described in dogs or cats. Hormonally silent adenomas are likely underdiagnosed because they do not result in an endocrine syndrome. Tools used to classify pituitary tumours in humans, particularly immunohistochemistry for lineage-specific transcription factors, are likely to be useful to classify canine and feline pituitary tumours of unknown origin. Future studies are required to better understand the full range of pituitary adenoma pathology in dogs and cats and to determine whether certain adenoma subtypes behave more aggressively than others. Currently, the mechanisms that underlie pituitary tumorigenesis in dogs and cats are still largely unknown. A better understanding of the molecular background of these tumours could help to identify improved pituitary-targeted therapeutics.
垂体肿瘤在犬中较为常见，在猫中也越来越被认识到。垂体肿瘤通常被分类为腺瘤，只有在肿瘤有转移扩散的证据时才被分类为癌，这种情况很少见。尽管大多数垂体肿瘤是良性的，但它们仍然可以压迫或侵犯邻近组织。垂体肿瘤可以是功能性（激素活跃）的，也可以是非功能性（激素不活跃）的。本综述的目的是提供文献中报道的犬和猫不同类型垂体肿瘤的概述。在犬中，最常见的垂体肿瘤类型是促肾上腺皮质激素腺瘤，可导致垂体依赖性皮质醇增多症。在猫中，最常见的垂体肿瘤是生长激素腺瘤，可导致生长激素过多症，其次常见的是促肾上腺皮质激素腺瘤。在一只犬中描述了一种催乳素腺瘤，而在犬和猫中尚未描述促性腺激素、促甲状腺激素和无细胞腺瘤。激素不活跃的腺瘤可能被漏诊，因为它们不会导致内分泌综合征。用于分类人类垂体肿瘤的工具，特别是用于谱系特异性转录因子的免疫组织化学，可能对分类未知来源的犬和猫的垂体肿瘤有用。需要进一步的研究来更好地了解犬和猫垂体腺瘤的全部病理学，并确定某些腺瘤亚型是否比其他亚型更具侵袭性。目前，犬和猫垂体肿瘤发生的机制在很大程度上仍不清楚。更好地了解这些肿瘤的分子背景可能有助于确定改进的针对垂体的治疗方法。
