Agarwal Tarun, Kazemi Sara, Costantini Marco, Perfeito Francisca, Correia Clara R, Gaspar Vítor, Montazeri Leila, De Maria Carmelo, Mano João F, Vosough Massoud, Makvandi Pooyan, Maiti Tapas Kumar
Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2021 Mar;122:111896. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111896. Epub 2021 Jan 23.
Manufacturing macroscale cell-laden architectures is one of the biggest challenges faced nowadays in the domain of tissue engineering. Such living constructs, in fact, pose strict requirements for nutrients and oxygen supply that can hardly be addressed through simple diffusion in vitro or without a functional vasculature in vivo. In this context, in the last two decades, a substantial amount of work has been carried out to develop smart materials that could actively provide oxygen-release to contrast local hypoxia in large-size constructs. This review provides an overview of the currently available oxygen-releasing materials and their synthesis and mechanism of action, highlighting their capacities under in vitro tissue cultures and in vivo contexts. Additionally, we also showcase an emerging concept, herein termed as "living materials as releasing systems", which relies on the combination of biomaterials with photosynthetic microorganisms, namely algae, in an "unconventional" attempt to supply the damaged or re-growing tissue with the necessary supply of oxygen. We envision that future advances focusing on tissue microenvironment regulated oxygen-supplying materials would unlock an untapped potential for generating a repertoire of anatomic scale, living constructs with improved cell survival, guided differentiation, and tissue-specific biofunctionality.
制造宏观尺度的载细胞结构是当今组织工程领域面临的最大挑战之一。事实上，这种活体构建体对营养物质和氧气供应提出了严格要求，而在体外通过简单扩散或在体内没有功能性脉管系统的情况下，这些要求很难得到满足。在这种背景下，在过去二十年里，人们开展了大量工作来开发智能材料，这些材料能够主动释放氧气以缓解大型构建体中的局部缺氧情况。本综述概述了目前可用的氧气释放材料及其合成方法和作用机制，突出了它们在体外组织培养和体内环境中的性能。此外，我们还展示了一个新兴概念，在此称为“作为释放系统的活体材料”，该概念依赖于将生物材料与光合微生物（即藻类）相结合，以一种“非常规”的方式为受损或再生组织提供必要的氧气供应。我们设想，未来聚焦于组织微环境调控的供氧材料的进展将释放出未开发的潜力，从而生成一系列具有改善细胞存活、定向分化和组织特异性生物功能的解剖尺度的活体构建体。
