Oda Mikiko, Yoshioka Shin-Ichi
Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, The University of Shimane, Izumo 693-8550, Japan.
Yonago Acta Med. 2021 Jan 15;64(1):34-45. doi: 10.33160/yam.2021.02.007. eCollection 2021 Feb.
An increasing number of adolescents are experiencing social maladjustment. This development may be due to serious conflicts regarding psychological independence. This study aimed to elucidate factors that influence psychological independence in adolescents and to clarify the relationship among coaching-based support from significant others, adolescent self-esteem, and adolescent psychological independence, in order to help prevent and treat social maladjustment in adolescents.
A total of 1814 students in all years at 2 universities and 1 junior college in A Prefecture, Japan, completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire asked about the participants' attributes, support relationships, psychological independence, and self-esteem. Coaching-based support was assessed by the Accelerate your Coaching Effectiveness scale; psychological independence by the Psychological Jiritsu Scale; and self-esteem by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.
Gender, grade, major, current living situation were found to influence psychological independence of adolescents. The most significant others who had the most influence on psychological independence were mothers, fathers, and friends for male adolescents, and mothers, friends, and fathers for female adolescents, in that order. In female, coaching-based support from significant others increased their self-esteem and promoted all the sub-scales of psychological independence. In male, coaching-based support boosted their self-esteem and promoted the following sub-scales; "future orientation", "appropriate human relations", "value judgment and execution", "responsibility", and "social perspective", except for "self-control".
We believe that coaching-based support from significant others can effectively help adolescents build their self-esteem and can promote their psychological independence.
越来越多的青少年正经历社会适应不良。这种情况的发展可能是由于心理独立方面的严重冲突。本研究旨在阐明影响青少年心理独立的因素，并厘清来自重要他人的基于指导的支持、青少年自尊和青少年心理独立之间的关系，以帮助预防和治疗青少年的社会适应不良。
日本A县2所大学和1所专科学校的1814名各年级学生完成了一份匿名自填问卷。问卷询问了参与者的属性、支持关系、心理独立和自尊。基于指导的支持通过“加速你的指导效果量表”进行评估；心理独立通过“心理自立量表”进行评估；自尊通过“罗森伯格自尊量表”进行评估。
发现性别、年级、专业、当前生活状况会影响青少年的心理独立。对心理独立影响最大的重要他人，男性青少年依次是母亲、父亲和朋友，女性青少年依次是母亲、朋友和父亲。对于女性，来自重要他人的基于指导的支持提高了她们的自尊，并促进了心理独立的所有子量表。对于男性，基于指导的支持提高了他们的自尊，并促进了以下子量表；“未来导向”、“恰当的人际关系”、“价值判断与执行”、“责任”和“社会视角”，除了“自我控制”。
我们认为，来自重要他人的基于指导的支持可以有效地帮助青少年建立自尊，并促进他们的心理独立。
