O'Connor Patrick J
Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
Front Sports Act Living. 2021 Feb 10;3:630584. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2021.630584. eCollection 2021.
This cross-sectional study aimed to obtain fundamental knowledge about pain during a marathon run. During the first seven months of 2007, announcements on websites of interest to marathon runners were used to recruit participants. A total of 1,251 runners (550 female runners) completed a 41-question online survey about the location and intensity of their primary pain during their last marathon and potentially related variables [perception of effort during the marathon, number of prior marathons run, typical pain intensity during training runs, percentage of training days with run-induced pain, highest intensity pain ever experienced]. Pain location was selected from a list of 27 specified body sites covering the entire body. Kilometer at which pain first occurred indexed pain threshold. Pain intensity at the primary location of pain was measured with a standardized, well-validated 0-10 pain intensity scale. Pearson correlations and multiple regression quantified the associations between average pain intensity and other variables. Sex-related differences in pain were tested using independent -tests. Effort ratings (6-20) were added as a covariate in an ANCOVA to test if perceived effort accounted for possible sex-related differences in pain. Based on the available research, it was hypothesized that: (i) most runners would report moderate intensity pain, (ii) pain would be associated with both exercise intensity during the marathon and pain during training, and (iii) after adjusting for expected sex-related differences in perceived effort, females would experience pain earlier and rate the pain intensity as higher. All but two runners (99.8%) reported pain during a marathon, and most frequently in the anterior/medial thigh (17.1%), hamstring (10%), and calf (9.3%) locations. Pain threshold occurred at 25.3 ± 9.8 km (15.7 ± 6.1 miles) and the overall pain intensity of the run was 5.26 ± 2.45. No sex-related pain differences were found. Overall pain intensity during a marathon was significantly associated with: pain intensity during training runs ( = 0.39), percentage of training days with run-induced pain ( = 0.23), highest intensity pain ever experienced ( = 0.23), number of prior marathons ( = -0.18), and intensity of effort (r = 0.11) (all < 0.001). Most runners experience moderate to very strong intensity pain during a marathon; the pain was independent of biological sex, and the pain is weakly associated with marathon race experience, pain during training, race effort, and the highest intensity of pain ever experienced.
这项横断面研究旨在获取有关马拉松跑步过程中疼痛的基础知识。在2007年的前七个月，通过在马拉松跑步者感兴趣的网站上发布公告来招募参与者。共有1251名跑步者（550名女性跑步者）完成了一项41个问题的在线调查，内容涉及他们上一次马拉松比赛中主要疼痛的部位和强度以及可能相关的变量[马拉松比赛中的努力感知、之前参加马拉松比赛的次数、训练跑时的典型疼痛强度、因跑步导致疼痛的训练天数百分比、曾经经历过的最高强度疼痛]。疼痛部位从涵盖全身的27个指定身体部位列表中选择。疼痛首次出现的公里数作为疼痛阈值指标。主要疼痛部位的疼痛强度用标准化的、经过充分验证的0至10级疼痛强度量表进行测量。Pearson相关性分析和多元回归分析量化了平均疼痛强度与其他变量之间的关联。使用独立样本t检验来检验疼痛方面的性别差异。在协方差分析（ANCOVA）中加入努力评分（6至20）作为协变量，以检验感知到的努力是否可以解释疼痛方面可能存在的性别差异。基于现有研究，提出以下假设：（i）大多数跑步者会报告中度强度疼痛；（ii）疼痛与马拉松比赛期间的运动强度和训练期间的疼痛均相关；（iii）在调整了预期的努力感知方面的性别差异后，女性会更早经历疼痛且将疼痛强度评定得更高。除两名跑步者外（99.8%），所有跑步者均报告在马拉松比赛中出现疼痛，最常见的疼痛部位是大腿前侧/内侧（17.1%）、腘绳肌（10%）和小腿（9.3%）。疼痛阈值出现在25.3±9.8公里（15.7±6.1英里）处，跑步的总体疼痛强度为5.26±2.45。未发现与性别相关的疼痛差异。马拉松比赛期间的总体疼痛强度与以下因素显著相关：训练跑时的疼痛强度（r = 0.39）、因跑步导致疼痛的训练天数百分比（r = 0.23）、曾经经历过的最高强度疼痛（r = 0.23）、之前参加马拉松比赛的次数（r = -0.18）以及努力强度（r = 0.11）（所有p均<0.001）。大多数跑步者在马拉松比赛中经历中度至非常强烈的疼痛；疼痛与生物性别无关，并且与马拉松比赛经验、训练期间的疼痛、比赛努力程度以及曾经经历过的最高强度疼痛之间存在弱关联。
