Department of Biomedical Sciences, A. A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California, USA.
Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Fondation Albert Ier Prince de Monaco, Paris, France.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2021 May;175(1):201-226. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.24256. Epub 2021 Feb 28.
We provide the first comparative description of the Guercy 1 cranium and isolated cranial fragments from Baume Moula-Guercy and examine their affinities to European Preneanderthals, Neanderthals, and Homo sapiens.
The Moula-Guercy hominins derive from deposits chronostratigraphically and biostratigraphically dated to the Eemian Interglacial (MIS 5e). For comparisons we compiled a sample of European and Southwest Asian subadult-adult Middle-to-Late Pleistocene hominins (≈MIS 14-MIS 2; N = 184). This sample represents a Preneanderthal-Neanderthal group and a H. sapiens group, both of which were further divided into three time-successive subgroups defined by associated marine isotope stages (MIS). Metric and morphological observations were made on the original fossils and a virtual reconstruction of Guercy 1. Developmental age and sex and the minimum-maximum number of individuals were assessed.
Guercy 1 represents the remains of a late stage adolescent (≈15-16.0 years) female. Morphological and metric data combine to associate the total morphological pattern expressed in Guercy 1 with our MIS 7-MIS 5e ("Early Neanderthal") subgroup. Some features, especially those related to the frontal, suggest linkage to a paleodeme comprising the Moula-Guercy, Artenac, La Chaise Abri Suard and, possibly, the Biache-Saint-Vaast samples.
Remains of MIS 7-MIS 5e Neanderthals are rare and fragmentary, especially those dated to the Last Interglacial. The Baume Moula-Guercy sample provides new insights into the total morphological pattern expressed in MIS 5e Neanderthals. Further, our results support earlier suggestions that MIS 7-MIS 5e European hominins represent a morphotype that is distinct from both earlier and later members of the Preneanderthal-Neanderthal group.
我们首次对 Guercy 1 颅骨和来自 Baume Moula-Guercy 的孤立颅碎块进行了比较描述,并研究了它们与欧洲古人类、尼安德特人和智人的亲缘关系。
Moula-Guercy 古人类来自 chronostratigraphically 和 biostratigraphically 被确定为 Eemian 间冰期(MIS 5e)的沉积物。为了进行比较,我们编译了一个欧洲和西南亚亚成年-成年中到晚更新世古人类的样本(≈MIS 14-MIS 2;N = 184)。该样本代表了古人类-尼安德特人群体和智人群体,这两个群体进一步分为三个与相关海洋同位素阶段(MIS)相关的时间连续亚群。对原始化石和 Guercy 1 的虚拟重建进行了形态测量和形态观察。评估了发育年龄、性别以及个体的最小-最大数量。
Guercy 1 代表一个晚期青少年(≈15-16.0 岁)女性的遗骸。形态学和形态测量数据相结合,将 Guercy 1 中表达的整体形态模式与我们的 MIS 7-MIS 5e(“早期尼安德特人”)亚群联系起来。一些特征,特别是与额骨相关的特征,表明与包括 Moula-Guercy、Artenac、La Chaise Abri Suard 以及可能还有 Biache-Saint-Vaast 样本在内的古人群体有关联。
MIS 7-MIS 5e 尼安德特人的遗骸罕见且零碎,尤其是那些被确定为末次间冰期的遗骸。Baume Moula-Guercy 样本为 MIS 5e 尼安德特人表达的整体形态模式提供了新的见解。此外,我们的结果支持了更早的观点,即 MIS 7-MIS 5e 欧洲古人类代表了一种与古人类-尼安德特人群体的早期和晚期成员都不同的形态类型。