Zhen Yan, Radulovic Maja, Vietri Marina, Stenmark Harald
Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
EMBO J. 2021 Apr 1;40(7):e106922. doi: 10.15252/embj.2020106922. Epub 2021 Mar 1.
The compartmentalization of eukaryotic cells, which is essential for their viability and functions, is ensured by single or double bilayer membranes that separate the cell from the exterior and form boundaries between the cell's organelles and the cytosol. Nascent nuclear envelopes and autophagosomes, which both are enveloped by double membranes, need to be sealed during the late stage of their biogenesis. On the other hand, the integrity of cellular membranes such as the plasma membrane, lysosomes and the nuclear envelope can be compromised by pathogens, chemicals, radiation, inflammatory responses and mechanical stress. There are cellular programmes that restore membrane integrity after injury. Here, we review cellular mechanisms that have evolved to maintain membrane integrity during organelle biogenesis and after injury, including membrane scission mediated by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), vesicle patching and endocytosis.
真核细胞的区室化对其生存能力和功能至关重要，这是由单层或双层膜来保证的，这些膜将细胞与外部隔开，并在细胞器和细胞质之间形成边界。新生的核膜和自噬体都被双层膜包裹，在其生物发生的后期需要进行封闭。另一方面，细胞膜如质膜、溶酶体和核膜的完整性可能会受到病原体、化学物质、辐射、炎症反应和机械应力的损害。细胞有修复损伤后膜完整性的程序。在这里，我们综述了在细胞器生物发生过程中以及损伤后为维持膜完整性而进化出的细胞机制，包括由转运所需的内体分选复合物（ESCRT）介导的膜切割、囊泡修补和内吞作用。
