Nasoseptal Flap for Skull Base Reconstruction in a Three-Year-Old Child With Nasofrontal Meningoencephalocele.

Congenital anterior skull base defects with meningoencephaloceles causing nasal obstruction and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea are rare clinical entities. Traditionally, skull base defects have been repaired via a bifrontal craniotomy. With the introduction of pediatric endoscopic instrumentation, more of these lesions are accessible via an intranasal endoscopic approach, even in the infant population. However, due to the rarity of pediatric meningoencephaloceles, there is a lack of data demonstrating the successful adaptation of endoscopic skull base techniques to the pediatric population. In this report, we present a case of a pediatric frontonasal meningoencephalocele with an anterior skull base defect in a 3-year-old child that was successfully addressed transnasally following 4 failed transcranial approaches. The case highlights the importance of a thorough preoperative evaluation of the surgical approach as well as interdisciplinary management of these patients at a young age. Congenital anterior skull base defects with meningoencephaloceles and CSF leaks are rare clinical entities. Hence, an interdisciplinary approach is vital including experienced pediatricians, otolaryngologists, and neurosurgeons to evaluate the ideal surgical method on an individual basis. The transnasal endoscopic technique has been shown to be minimally invasive, efficient, and safe to apply even to the infant population which could positively be demonstrated in this case.