From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology (S.L.V., E.M.H., M.B., T.T.W.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Center for Shoulder, Elbow, and Sports Medicine (C.A.P., C.S.A., W.N.L.), New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, MC-28, New York, NY 10032.
Radiographics. 2021 Mar-Apr;41(2):E20-E39. doi: 10.1148/rg.2021200105.
A variety of sports require exposure to high-impact trauma or characteristic repetitive movements that predispose to injuries around the thorax. Appropriate prognostication and timely management are vital, as untreated or undertreated injuries can lead to pain, disability, loss of playing time, or early termination of sports participation. The authors review common athletic injuries of the thoracic cage, encompassing muscular, osseous, and vascular conditions, with an emphasis on mechanism, imaging features, and management. The authors also review pertinent soft-tissue and bony anatomy, along with relevant sports biomechanics. Generalized muscle trauma and more specific injuries involving the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis minor, lateral abdominal wall and intercostals, serratus anterior, and rectus abdominis muscles are discussed. Osseous injuries such as stress fractures, sternoclavicular dislocation, costochondral fractures, and scapular fractures are included. Finally, thoracic conditions such as snapping scapula, thoracic outlet syndrome, and Paget-Schroetter syndrome are also described. Specific MRI protocols are highlighted to address imaging challenges such as the variable anatomic orientation of thoracic structures and artifact from breathing motion. Athletes are susceptible to a wide range of musculoskeletal thoracic trauma. An accurate imaging diagnosis of thoracic cage injury and assessment of injury severity allow development of an adequate treatment plan. This can be facilitated by an understanding of functional anatomy, sports biomechanics, and the unique injuries for which athletes are at risk. RSNA, 2021.
各种运动都需要承受高冲击力的创伤或特征性的重复运动，这些运动容易导致胸部周围受伤。准确的预测和及时的管理至关重要，因为未治疗或治疗不当的损伤会导致疼痛、残疾、失去比赛时间或提前终止运动参与。作者回顾了常见的胸壁运动损伤，包括肌肉、骨骼和血管疾病，重点介绍了发病机制、影像学特征和治疗方法。作者还回顾了相关的软组织和骨骼解剖结构以及相关的运动生物力学。讨论了一般性肌肉创伤和更具体的损伤，包括胸大肌、背阔肌、大圆肌、胸小肌、侧腹壁和肋间肌、前锯肌和腹直肌。还包括骨骼损伤，如应力性骨折、胸锁关节脱位、肋软骨骨折和肩胛骨骨折。最后，还描述了一些胸壁疾病，如弹响肩胛、胸廓出口综合征和 Paget-Schroetter 综合征。突出了特定的 MRI 方案，以解决成像挑战，如胸壁结构的解剖方位变化和呼吸运动引起的伪影。运动员容易受到各种肌肉骨骼胸壁创伤的影响。准确的胸壁损伤影像学诊断和损伤严重程度评估有助于制定适当的治疗计划。通过了解功能解剖、运动生物力学以及运动员易受伤的独特损伤，可以促进这一计划的实施。RSNA，2021 年。
