1Tanzania Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (TFELTP), Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
2Department of Epidemiology/Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2021 Mar 1;104(4):1535-1539. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0134.
Safe water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) are among key components to prevent and control waterborne diseases such as cholera, schistosomiasis, and other gastrointestinal morbidities in the community. In 2018, there was cholera outbreak in Ngorongoro district that was fueled by inadequate and unsafe water as well as poor sanitation and hygiene. We used an analytical cross-sectional study first to determine the proportion of households with access to WaSH and second to assess factors associated with coverage of household's access to WaSH. Methods included interviewing heads of the household to assess the availability of safe drinking water, use of unshared toilet/latrine by household members only, and the availability of functional handwashing facility. Eight percent of households had access to WaSH. Access to household's WaSH was positively associated with household's monthly income, education of heads of the household, and water use per person per week. To control water-related morbidities, there is a need to improve access to reliable safe drinking water, expand alternatives of households to earn more incomes, and enhance proper sanitation and hygiene services to rural areas and marginalized groups like the Maasai of Ngorongoro in Tanzania.
安全供水、环境卫生和个人卫生(WaSH)是预防和控制水传播疾病(如霍乱、血吸虫病和其他胃肠道疾病)的关键组成部分。2018 年,恩戈罗恩戈罗区爆发了霍乱疫情,原因是供水不足且不安全,环境卫生和个人卫生条件差。我们首先采用分析性横断面研究,首先确定获得 WaSH 的家庭比例,其次评估与家庭获得 WaSH 覆盖范围相关的因素。方法包括采访户主,评估安全饮用水的供应情况、家庭是否仅使用独用厕所/便池以及是否有功能齐全的洗手设施。8%的家庭获得了 WaSH。家庭获得 WaSH 与家庭月收入、户主教育程度以及人均每周用水量呈正相关。为了控制与水有关的发病,需要改善获得可靠安全饮用水的机会,为家庭提供更多的增收选择,并加强农村地区和边缘化群体(如坦桑尼亚恩戈罗恩戈罗的马赛人)的适当环境卫生和个人卫生服务。