School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia.
World Vision International, Southern Africa Regional Office, Mbabane H100, Swaziland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Jun 5;14(6):602. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14060602.
Good sanitation and clean water are basic human rights yet they remain elusive to many rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We carried out a cross sectional study to examine the impact of a four-year intervention aimed at improving access to water and sanitation and reducing waterborne disease, especially diarrhea in children under five years old. The study was carried out in April and May 2015 in Busangi, Chela and Ntobo wards of Kahama District of Tanzania. The interventions included education campaigns and improved water supply, and sanitation. The percentage of households (HHs) with access to water within 30 min increased from 19.2 to 48.9 and 17.6 to 27.3 in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The percentage of HHs with hand washing facilities at the latrine increased from 0% to 13.2%. However, the incidence of diarrhea among children under five years increased over the intervention period, RR 2.91 95% CI 2.71-3.11, < 0.0001. Availability of water alone may not influence the incidence of waterborne diseases. Factors such as water storage and usage, safe excreta disposal and other hygiene practices are critical for interventions negating the spread of water borne diseases. A model that articulates the extent to which these factors are helpful for such interventions should be explored.
良好的卫生和清洁水是基本人权，但撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）的许多农村社区仍然难以实现。我们进行了一项横断面研究，以检查一项为期四年的干预措施的影响，该措施旨在改善获得水和卫生设施的机会，减少五岁以下儿童的水传播疾病，特别是腹泻。该研究于 2015 年 4 月至 5 月在坦桑尼亚卡哈马区布桑吉、切拉和恩托博区进行。干预措施包括教育运动和改善供水和卫生设施。在雨季和旱季，能够在 30 分钟内获得水的家庭比例分别从 19.2%增加到 48.9%和从 17.6%增加到 27.3%。在厕所旁设有洗手设施的家庭比例从 0%增加到 13.2%。然而，在干预期间，五岁以下儿童腹泻的发病率有所增加，RR 2.91 95%CI 2.71-3.11， < 0.0001。仅提供水可能不会影响水传播疾病的发病率。储存和使用水、安全处理排泄物和其他卫生习惯等因素对于干预措施否定水传播疾病的传播至关重要。应该探索一种能够说明这些因素对这类干预措施有多大帮助的模型。
